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Thymic Microenvironment: Interactions Between Innate Immune Cells and Developing Thymocytes

The thymus is a crucial organ for the development of T cells. T cell progenitors first migrate from the bone marrow into the thymus. During the journey to become a mature T cell, progenitors require interactions with many different cell types within the thymic microenvironment, such as stromal cells...

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Autores principales: Wang, Helen, Zúñiga-Pflücker, Juan Carlos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9024034/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35464404
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.885280
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author Wang, Helen
Zúñiga-Pflücker, Juan Carlos
author_facet Wang, Helen
Zúñiga-Pflücker, Juan Carlos
author_sort Wang, Helen
collection PubMed
description The thymus is a crucial organ for the development of T cells. T cell progenitors first migrate from the bone marrow into the thymus. During the journey to become a mature T cell, progenitors require interactions with many different cell types within the thymic microenvironment, such as stromal cells, which include epithelial, mesenchymal and other non-T-lineage immune cells. There are two crucial decision steps that are required for generating mature T cells: positive and negative selection. Each of these two processes needs to be performed efficiently to produce functional MHC-restricted T cells, while simultaneously restricting the production of auto-reactive T cells. In each step, there are various cell types that are required for the process to be carried out suitably, such as scavengers to clean up apoptotic thymocytes that fail positive or negative selection, and antigen presenting cells to display self-antigens during positive and negative selection. In this review, we will focus on thymic non-T-lineage immune cells, particularly dendritic cells and macrophages, and the role they play in positive and negative selection. We will also examine recent advances in the understanding of their participation in thymus homeostasis and T cell development. This review will provide a perspective on how the thymic microenvironment contributes to thymocyte differentiation and T cell maturation.
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spelling pubmed-90240342022-04-23 Thymic Microenvironment: Interactions Between Innate Immune Cells and Developing Thymocytes Wang, Helen Zúñiga-Pflücker, Juan Carlos Front Immunol Immunology The thymus is a crucial organ for the development of T cells. T cell progenitors first migrate from the bone marrow into the thymus. During the journey to become a mature T cell, progenitors require interactions with many different cell types within the thymic microenvironment, such as stromal cells, which include epithelial, mesenchymal and other non-T-lineage immune cells. There are two crucial decision steps that are required for generating mature T cells: positive and negative selection. Each of these two processes needs to be performed efficiently to produce functional MHC-restricted T cells, while simultaneously restricting the production of auto-reactive T cells. In each step, there are various cell types that are required for the process to be carried out suitably, such as scavengers to clean up apoptotic thymocytes that fail positive or negative selection, and antigen presenting cells to display self-antigens during positive and negative selection. In this review, we will focus on thymic non-T-lineage immune cells, particularly dendritic cells and macrophages, and the role they play in positive and negative selection. We will also examine recent advances in the understanding of their participation in thymus homeostasis and T cell development. This review will provide a perspective on how the thymic microenvironment contributes to thymocyte differentiation and T cell maturation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9024034/ /pubmed/35464404 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.885280 Text en Copyright © 2022 Wang and Zúñiga-Pflücker https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Wang, Helen
Zúñiga-Pflücker, Juan Carlos
Thymic Microenvironment: Interactions Between Innate Immune Cells and Developing Thymocytes
title Thymic Microenvironment: Interactions Between Innate Immune Cells and Developing Thymocytes
title_full Thymic Microenvironment: Interactions Between Innate Immune Cells and Developing Thymocytes
title_fullStr Thymic Microenvironment: Interactions Between Innate Immune Cells and Developing Thymocytes
title_full_unstemmed Thymic Microenvironment: Interactions Between Innate Immune Cells and Developing Thymocytes
title_short Thymic Microenvironment: Interactions Between Innate Immune Cells and Developing Thymocytes
title_sort thymic microenvironment: interactions between innate immune cells and developing thymocytes
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9024034/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35464404
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.885280
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