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Characterisation of Zamorano-Leonese Donkey Milk as an Alternative Sustainably Produced Protein Food

The Zamorano-Leonese donkey is the local breed of the Castilla y León region of Spain and is a protected endangered species. The best way to preserve it is to explore viable alternatives such as milk production. Unlike other donkey breeds, this one has not been previously characterised. The aim of t...

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Autores principales: Albertos, Irene, López, María, Jiménez, José-María, Cao, María José, Corell, Alfredo, Castro-Alija, María José
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9024328/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35464015
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.872409
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author Albertos, Irene
López, María
Jiménez, José-María
Cao, María José
Corell, Alfredo
Castro-Alija, María José
author_facet Albertos, Irene
López, María
Jiménez, José-María
Cao, María José
Corell, Alfredo
Castro-Alija, María José
author_sort Albertos, Irene
collection PubMed
description The Zamorano-Leonese donkey is the local breed of the Castilla y León region of Spain and is a protected endangered species. The best way to preserve it is to explore viable alternatives such as milk production. Unlike other donkey breeds, this one has not been previously characterised. The aim of this work is the complete nutritional characterisation of its milk for human consumption, either directly or as an ingredient, to meet the new consumer expectations of sustainability and health concerns. This breed did not differ from others in terms of amino acid and protein profile. Its low concentration of β-lactoglobulin may be correlated to a low allergenicity. The presence of lactozyme and lactoferrin, which are potent antimicrobials, stand out among the proteins. This milk presented a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, being oleic fatty acid the main one. Zamorano-Leonese donkey milk did have a higher content of vitamin C, riboflavin, folic acid and vitamin E than the other donkey breeds. It also had a high concentration of vitamin D despite its low-fat content. However, its mineral concentration was lower than other donkey breeds in line with its lower ash content. In terms of micronutrients, it had a high amount of zinc and selenium. Based on these results we can conclude that donkey milk is a food and/or ingredient with beneficial effects on cardiovascular health and the proper functioning of the immune system, as well as being a good source of protein. Therefore, donkey milk from this local species from Spain is a food and/or ingredient with beneficial nutritional properties and sustainable from an environmental point of view.
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spelling pubmed-90243282022-04-23 Characterisation of Zamorano-Leonese Donkey Milk as an Alternative Sustainably Produced Protein Food Albertos, Irene López, María Jiménez, José-María Cao, María José Corell, Alfredo Castro-Alija, María José Front Nutr Nutrition The Zamorano-Leonese donkey is the local breed of the Castilla y León region of Spain and is a protected endangered species. The best way to preserve it is to explore viable alternatives such as milk production. Unlike other donkey breeds, this one has not been previously characterised. The aim of this work is the complete nutritional characterisation of its milk for human consumption, either directly or as an ingredient, to meet the new consumer expectations of sustainability and health concerns. This breed did not differ from others in terms of amino acid and protein profile. Its low concentration of β-lactoglobulin may be correlated to a low allergenicity. The presence of lactozyme and lactoferrin, which are potent antimicrobials, stand out among the proteins. This milk presented a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, being oleic fatty acid the main one. Zamorano-Leonese donkey milk did have a higher content of vitamin C, riboflavin, folic acid and vitamin E than the other donkey breeds. It also had a high concentration of vitamin D despite its low-fat content. However, its mineral concentration was lower than other donkey breeds in line with its lower ash content. In terms of micronutrients, it had a high amount of zinc and selenium. Based on these results we can conclude that donkey milk is a food and/or ingredient with beneficial effects on cardiovascular health and the proper functioning of the immune system, as well as being a good source of protein. Therefore, donkey milk from this local species from Spain is a food and/or ingredient with beneficial nutritional properties and sustainable from an environmental point of view. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9024328/ /pubmed/35464015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.872409 Text en Copyright © 2022 Albertos, López, Jiménez, Cao, Corell and Castro-Alija. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Albertos, Irene
López, María
Jiménez, José-María
Cao, María José
Corell, Alfredo
Castro-Alija, María José
Characterisation of Zamorano-Leonese Donkey Milk as an Alternative Sustainably Produced Protein Food
title Characterisation of Zamorano-Leonese Donkey Milk as an Alternative Sustainably Produced Protein Food
title_full Characterisation of Zamorano-Leonese Donkey Milk as an Alternative Sustainably Produced Protein Food
title_fullStr Characterisation of Zamorano-Leonese Donkey Milk as an Alternative Sustainably Produced Protein Food
title_full_unstemmed Characterisation of Zamorano-Leonese Donkey Milk as an Alternative Sustainably Produced Protein Food
title_short Characterisation of Zamorano-Leonese Donkey Milk as an Alternative Sustainably Produced Protein Food
title_sort characterisation of zamorano-leonese donkey milk as an alternative sustainably produced protein food
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9024328/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35464015
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.872409
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