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Treatment of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Disease and Infection in Children: Key Updates, Challenges and Opportunities

Children affected by rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB; TB resistant to at least rifampicin) are a neglected group. Each year an estimated 25,000–30,000 children develop RR-TB disease globally. Improving case detection and treatment initiation is a priority since RR-TB disease is underdiagnos...

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Autores principales: Howell, Pauline, Achar, Jay, Huang, G. Khai Lin, Mariandyshev, Andrei, Schaaf, H. Simon, Garcia-Prats, Anthony J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9024964/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35456056
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040381
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author Howell, Pauline
Achar, Jay
Huang, G. Khai Lin
Mariandyshev, Andrei
Schaaf, H. Simon
Garcia-Prats, Anthony J.
author_facet Howell, Pauline
Achar, Jay
Huang, G. Khai Lin
Mariandyshev, Andrei
Schaaf, H. Simon
Garcia-Prats, Anthony J.
author_sort Howell, Pauline
collection PubMed
description Children affected by rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB; TB resistant to at least rifampicin) are a neglected group. Each year an estimated 25,000–30,000 children develop RR-TB disease globally. Improving case detection and treatment initiation is a priority since RR-TB disease is underdiagnosed and undertreated. Untreated paediatric TB has particularly high morbidity and mortality. However, children receiving TB treatment, including for RR-TB, respond well. RR-TB treatment remains a challenge for children, their caregivers and TB programmes, requiring treatment regimens of up to 18 months in duration, often associated with severe and long-term adverse effects. Shorter, safer, effective child-friendly regimens for RR-TB are needed. Preventing progression to disease following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is another key component of TB control. The last few years have seen exciting advances. In this article, we highlight key elements of paediatric RR-TB case detection and recent updates, ongoing challenges and forthcoming advances in the treatment of RR-TB disease and infection in children and adolescents. The global TB community must continue to advocate for more and faster research in children on novel and repurposed TB drugs and regimens and increase investments in scaling-up effective approaches, to ensure an equitable response that prioritises the needs of this vulnerable population.
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spelling pubmed-90249642022-04-23 Treatment of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Disease and Infection in Children: Key Updates, Challenges and Opportunities Howell, Pauline Achar, Jay Huang, G. Khai Lin Mariandyshev, Andrei Schaaf, H. Simon Garcia-Prats, Anthony J. Pathogens Review Children affected by rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB; TB resistant to at least rifampicin) are a neglected group. Each year an estimated 25,000–30,000 children develop RR-TB disease globally. Improving case detection and treatment initiation is a priority since RR-TB disease is underdiagnosed and undertreated. Untreated paediatric TB has particularly high morbidity and mortality. However, children receiving TB treatment, including for RR-TB, respond well. RR-TB treatment remains a challenge for children, their caregivers and TB programmes, requiring treatment regimens of up to 18 months in duration, often associated with severe and long-term adverse effects. Shorter, safer, effective child-friendly regimens for RR-TB are needed. Preventing progression to disease following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is another key component of TB control. The last few years have seen exciting advances. In this article, we highlight key elements of paediatric RR-TB case detection and recent updates, ongoing challenges and forthcoming advances in the treatment of RR-TB disease and infection in children and adolescents. The global TB community must continue to advocate for more and faster research in children on novel and repurposed TB drugs and regimens and increase investments in scaling-up effective approaches, to ensure an equitable response that prioritises the needs of this vulnerable population. MDPI 2022-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9024964/ /pubmed/35456056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040381 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Howell, Pauline
Achar, Jay
Huang, G. Khai Lin
Mariandyshev, Andrei
Schaaf, H. Simon
Garcia-Prats, Anthony J.
Treatment of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Disease and Infection in Children: Key Updates, Challenges and Opportunities
title Treatment of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Disease and Infection in Children: Key Updates, Challenges and Opportunities
title_full Treatment of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Disease and Infection in Children: Key Updates, Challenges and Opportunities
title_fullStr Treatment of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Disease and Infection in Children: Key Updates, Challenges and Opportunities
title_full_unstemmed Treatment of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Disease and Infection in Children: Key Updates, Challenges and Opportunities
title_short Treatment of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Disease and Infection in Children: Key Updates, Challenges and Opportunities
title_sort treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis disease and infection in children: key updates, challenges and opportunities
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9024964/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35456056
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040381
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