Cargando…

Disease-Specific Health Disparities: A Targeted Review Focusing on Race and Ethnicity

Background: Wide disparities in health status exist in the United States across race and ethnicity, broadly driven by social determinants of health—most notably race and ethnic group differences in income, education, and occupational status. However, disparities in disease frequency or severity rema...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Cullen, Mark R., Lemeshow, Adina R., Russo, Leo J., Barnes, David M., Ababio, Yaa, Habtezion, Aida
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9025451/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35455781
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040603
_version_ 1784690875064909824
author Cullen, Mark R.
Lemeshow, Adina R.
Russo, Leo J.
Barnes, David M.
Ababio, Yaa
Habtezion, Aida
author_facet Cullen, Mark R.
Lemeshow, Adina R.
Russo, Leo J.
Barnes, David M.
Ababio, Yaa
Habtezion, Aida
author_sort Cullen, Mark R.
collection PubMed
description Background: Wide disparities in health status exist in the United States across race and ethnicity, broadly driven by social determinants of health—most notably race and ethnic group differences in income, education, and occupational status. However, disparities in disease frequency or severity remain underappreciated for many individual diseases whose distribution in the population varies. Such information is not readily accessible, nor emphasized in treatment guidelines or reviews used by practitioners. Specifically, a summary on disease-specific evidence of disparities from population-based studies is lacking. Our goal was to summarize the published evidence for specific disease disparities in the United States so that this knowledge becomes more widely available “at the bedside”. We hope this summary stimulates health equity research at the disease level so that these disparities can be addressed effectively. Methods: A targeted literature review of disorders in Pfizer’s current pipeline was conducted. The 38 diseases included metabolic disorders, cancers, inflammatory conditions, dermatologic disorders, rare diseases, and infectious targets of vaccines under development. Online searches in Ovid and Google were performed to identify sources focused on differences in disease rates and severity between non-Hispanic Whites and Black/African Americans, and between non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics. As a model for how this might be accomplished for all disorders, disparities in disease rates and disease severity were scored to make the results of our review most readily accessible. After primary review of each condition by one author, another undertook an independent review. Differences between reviewers were resolved through discussion. Results: For Black/African Americans, 29 of the 38 disorders revealed a robust excess in incidence, prevalence, or severity. After sickle cell anemia, the largest excesses in frequency were identified for multiple myeloma and hidradenitis suppurativa. For Hispanics, there was evidence of disparity in 19 diseases. Most notable were metabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Conclusions: This review summarized recent disease-specific evidence of disparities based on race and ethnicity across multiple diseases, to inform clinicians and health equity research. Our findings may be well known to researchers and specialists in their respective fields but may not be common knowledge to health care providers or public health and policy institutions. Our hope is that this effort spurs research into the causes of the many disease disparities that exist in the United States.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9025451
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-90254512022-04-23 Disease-Specific Health Disparities: A Targeted Review Focusing on Race and Ethnicity Cullen, Mark R. Lemeshow, Adina R. Russo, Leo J. Barnes, David M. Ababio, Yaa Habtezion, Aida Healthcare (Basel) Review Background: Wide disparities in health status exist in the United States across race and ethnicity, broadly driven by social determinants of health—most notably race and ethnic group differences in income, education, and occupational status. However, disparities in disease frequency or severity remain underappreciated for many individual diseases whose distribution in the population varies. Such information is not readily accessible, nor emphasized in treatment guidelines or reviews used by practitioners. Specifically, a summary on disease-specific evidence of disparities from population-based studies is lacking. Our goal was to summarize the published evidence for specific disease disparities in the United States so that this knowledge becomes more widely available “at the bedside”. We hope this summary stimulates health equity research at the disease level so that these disparities can be addressed effectively. Methods: A targeted literature review of disorders in Pfizer’s current pipeline was conducted. The 38 diseases included metabolic disorders, cancers, inflammatory conditions, dermatologic disorders, rare diseases, and infectious targets of vaccines under development. Online searches in Ovid and Google were performed to identify sources focused on differences in disease rates and severity between non-Hispanic Whites and Black/African Americans, and between non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics. As a model for how this might be accomplished for all disorders, disparities in disease rates and disease severity were scored to make the results of our review most readily accessible. After primary review of each condition by one author, another undertook an independent review. Differences between reviewers were resolved through discussion. Results: For Black/African Americans, 29 of the 38 disorders revealed a robust excess in incidence, prevalence, or severity. After sickle cell anemia, the largest excesses in frequency were identified for multiple myeloma and hidradenitis suppurativa. For Hispanics, there was evidence of disparity in 19 diseases. Most notable were metabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Conclusions: This review summarized recent disease-specific evidence of disparities based on race and ethnicity across multiple diseases, to inform clinicians and health equity research. Our findings may be well known to researchers and specialists in their respective fields but may not be common knowledge to health care providers or public health and policy institutions. Our hope is that this effort spurs research into the causes of the many disease disparities that exist in the United States. MDPI 2022-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9025451/ /pubmed/35455781 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040603 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Cullen, Mark R.
Lemeshow, Adina R.
Russo, Leo J.
Barnes, David M.
Ababio, Yaa
Habtezion, Aida
Disease-Specific Health Disparities: A Targeted Review Focusing on Race and Ethnicity
title Disease-Specific Health Disparities: A Targeted Review Focusing on Race and Ethnicity
title_full Disease-Specific Health Disparities: A Targeted Review Focusing on Race and Ethnicity
title_fullStr Disease-Specific Health Disparities: A Targeted Review Focusing on Race and Ethnicity
title_full_unstemmed Disease-Specific Health Disparities: A Targeted Review Focusing on Race and Ethnicity
title_short Disease-Specific Health Disparities: A Targeted Review Focusing on Race and Ethnicity
title_sort disease-specific health disparities: a targeted review focusing on race and ethnicity
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9025451/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35455781
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040603
work_keys_str_mv AT cullenmarkr diseasespecifichealthdisparitiesatargetedreviewfocusingonraceandethnicity
AT lemeshowadinar diseasespecifichealthdisparitiesatargetedreviewfocusingonraceandethnicity
AT russoleoj diseasespecifichealthdisparitiesatargetedreviewfocusingonraceandethnicity
AT barnesdavidm diseasespecifichealthdisparitiesatargetedreviewfocusingonraceandethnicity
AT ababioyaa diseasespecifichealthdisparitiesatargetedreviewfocusingonraceandethnicity
AT habtezionaida diseasespecifichealthdisparitiesatargetedreviewfocusingonraceandethnicity