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Molecular and cellular dynamics of early embryonic cell divisions in Volvox carteri

Cell division is fundamental to all organisms and the green alga used here exhibits both key animal and plant functions. Specifically, we analyzed the molecular and cellular dynamics of early embryonic divisions of the multicellular green alga Volvox carteri (Chlamydomonadales). Relevant proteins re...

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Autores principales: von der Heyde, Eva Laura, Hallmann, Armin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9026201/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35018470
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koac004
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author von der Heyde, Eva Laura
Hallmann, Armin
author_facet von der Heyde, Eva Laura
Hallmann, Armin
author_sort von der Heyde, Eva Laura
collection PubMed
description Cell division is fundamental to all organisms and the green alga used here exhibits both key animal and plant functions. Specifically, we analyzed the molecular and cellular dynamics of early embryonic divisions of the multicellular green alga Volvox carteri (Chlamydomonadales). Relevant proteins related to mitosis and cytokinesis were identified in silico, the corresponding genes were cloned, fused to yfp, and stably expressed in Volvox, and the tagged proteins were studied by live-cell imaging. We reveal rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton during centrosome separation, spindle formation, establishment of the phycoplast, and generation of previously unknown structures. The centrosomes participate in initiation of spindle formation and determination of spindle orientation. Although the nuclear envelope does not break down during early mitosis, intermixing of cytoplasm and nucleoplasm results in loss of nuclear identity. Finally, we present a model for mitosis in Volvox. Our study reveals enormous dynamics, clarifies spatio-temporal relationships of subcellular structures, and provides insight into the evolution of cell division.
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spelling pubmed-90262012022-04-25 Molecular and cellular dynamics of early embryonic cell divisions in Volvox carteri von der Heyde, Eva Laura Hallmann, Armin Plant Cell Research Articles Cell division is fundamental to all organisms and the green alga used here exhibits both key animal and plant functions. Specifically, we analyzed the molecular and cellular dynamics of early embryonic divisions of the multicellular green alga Volvox carteri (Chlamydomonadales). Relevant proteins related to mitosis and cytokinesis were identified in silico, the corresponding genes were cloned, fused to yfp, and stably expressed in Volvox, and the tagged proteins were studied by live-cell imaging. We reveal rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton during centrosome separation, spindle formation, establishment of the phycoplast, and generation of previously unknown structures. The centrosomes participate in initiation of spindle formation and determination of spindle orientation. Although the nuclear envelope does not break down during early mitosis, intermixing of cytoplasm and nucleoplasm results in loss of nuclear identity. Finally, we present a model for mitosis in Volvox. Our study reveals enormous dynamics, clarifies spatio-temporal relationships of subcellular structures, and provides insight into the evolution of cell division. Oxford University Press 2022-01-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9026201/ /pubmed/35018470 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koac004 Text en © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
von der Heyde, Eva Laura
Hallmann, Armin
Molecular and cellular dynamics of early embryonic cell divisions in Volvox carteri
title Molecular and cellular dynamics of early embryonic cell divisions in Volvox carteri
title_full Molecular and cellular dynamics of early embryonic cell divisions in Volvox carteri
title_fullStr Molecular and cellular dynamics of early embryonic cell divisions in Volvox carteri
title_full_unstemmed Molecular and cellular dynamics of early embryonic cell divisions in Volvox carteri
title_short Molecular and cellular dynamics of early embryonic cell divisions in Volvox carteri
title_sort molecular and cellular dynamics of early embryonic cell divisions in volvox carteri
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9026201/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35018470
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koac004
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