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Validation of the Application of Solid Contact Ion-Selective Electrode for Off-Body Sweat Ion Monitoring
The solid contact ion-selective electrode (ISE) is a promising skin-interfaced monitoring system for sweat ions. Despite a growing number of on-body usages of ISE with fancy new materials and device fabrications, there are very few reports attempting to validate ISE results with a gold standard tech...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9026306/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35448288 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12040229 |
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author | Liu, Huixin Gu, Zhen Liu, Yuan Xiao, Xinxin Xiu, Guangli |
author_facet | Liu, Huixin Gu, Zhen Liu, Yuan Xiao, Xinxin Xiu, Guangli |
author_sort | Liu, Huixin |
collection | PubMed |
description | The solid contact ion-selective electrode (ISE) is a promising skin-interfaced monitoring system for sweat ions. Despite a growing number of on-body usages of ISE with fancy new materials and device fabrications, there are very few reports attempting to validate ISE results with a gold standard technique. For this purpose, this work uses inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) as a reference technique to conduct a direct evaluation of the sweat sodium and potassium ion levels obtained by ISE in an off-body approach. Eight healthy male subjects were recruited to collect exercise-induced sweat. It was found that sweat sodium and potassium ions present a rather wide concentration range. The sweat sodium concentration did not vary greatly in an exercise period of half an hour, while the sweat potassium concentration typically decreased with exercise. Mineral drink intake had no clear impact on the sweat sodium level, but increased the sweat potassium level. A paired t-test and mean absolute relative difference (MARD) analysis, a method typically used for evaluating the performance of glucometers, was employed to compare the results of ISE and ICP-OES. The statistical analysis validated the feasibility of ISE for measuring sweat ions, although better accuracy is required. Our data suggests that overweight subjects are likely to possess a higher sweat sodium level. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9026306 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90263062022-04-23 Validation of the Application of Solid Contact Ion-Selective Electrode for Off-Body Sweat Ion Monitoring Liu, Huixin Gu, Zhen Liu, Yuan Xiao, Xinxin Xiu, Guangli Biosensors (Basel) Article The solid contact ion-selective electrode (ISE) is a promising skin-interfaced monitoring system for sweat ions. Despite a growing number of on-body usages of ISE with fancy new materials and device fabrications, there are very few reports attempting to validate ISE results with a gold standard technique. For this purpose, this work uses inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) as a reference technique to conduct a direct evaluation of the sweat sodium and potassium ion levels obtained by ISE in an off-body approach. Eight healthy male subjects were recruited to collect exercise-induced sweat. It was found that sweat sodium and potassium ions present a rather wide concentration range. The sweat sodium concentration did not vary greatly in an exercise period of half an hour, while the sweat potassium concentration typically decreased with exercise. Mineral drink intake had no clear impact on the sweat sodium level, but increased the sweat potassium level. A paired t-test and mean absolute relative difference (MARD) analysis, a method typically used for evaluating the performance of glucometers, was employed to compare the results of ISE and ICP-OES. The statistical analysis validated the feasibility of ISE for measuring sweat ions, although better accuracy is required. Our data suggests that overweight subjects are likely to possess a higher sweat sodium level. MDPI 2022-04-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9026306/ /pubmed/35448288 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12040229 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Liu, Huixin Gu, Zhen Liu, Yuan Xiao, Xinxin Xiu, Guangli Validation of the Application of Solid Contact Ion-Selective Electrode for Off-Body Sweat Ion Monitoring |
title | Validation of the Application of Solid Contact Ion-Selective Electrode for Off-Body Sweat Ion Monitoring |
title_full | Validation of the Application of Solid Contact Ion-Selective Electrode for Off-Body Sweat Ion Monitoring |
title_fullStr | Validation of the Application of Solid Contact Ion-Selective Electrode for Off-Body Sweat Ion Monitoring |
title_full_unstemmed | Validation of the Application of Solid Contact Ion-Selective Electrode for Off-Body Sweat Ion Monitoring |
title_short | Validation of the Application of Solid Contact Ion-Selective Electrode for Off-Body Sweat Ion Monitoring |
title_sort | validation of the application of solid contact ion-selective electrode for off-body sweat ion monitoring |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9026306/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35448288 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12040229 |
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