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Recent Advances in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Most existing treatments only provide symptomatic solutions. Here, we introduce currently available commercial drugs and new therapeutics, including repositioned drugs, to treat AD. Despite tremendous efforts, tr...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Poudel, Prashant, Park, Soyeun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9026997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35456671
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040835
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author Poudel, Prashant
Park, Soyeun
author_facet Poudel, Prashant
Park, Soyeun
author_sort Poudel, Prashant
collection PubMed
description Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Most existing treatments only provide symptomatic solutions. Here, we introduce currently available commercial drugs and new therapeutics, including repositioned drugs, to treat AD. Despite tremendous efforts, treatments targeting the hallmarks of AD show limited efficacy. Challenges in treating AD are partly caused by difficulties in penetrating the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Recently, nanoparticle (NP)-based systems have shown promising potential as precision medicines that can effectively penetrate the BBB and enhance the targeting ability of numerous drugs. Here, we describe how NPs enter the brain by crossing, avoiding, or disrupting the BBB. In addition, we provide an overview of the action of NPs in the microenvironment of the brain for the treatment of AD. Diverse systems, including liposomes, micelles, polymeric NPs, solid-lipid NPs, and inorganic NPs, have been investigated for NP drug loading to relieve AD symptoms, target AD hallmarks, and target moieties to diagnose AD. We also highlight NP-based immunotherapy, which has recently gained special attention as a potential treatment option to disrupt AD progression. Overall, this review focuses on recently investigated NP systems that represent innovative strategies to understand AD pathogenesis and suggests treatment and diagnostic modalities to cure AD.
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spelling pubmed-90269972022-04-23 Recent Advances in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems Poudel, Prashant Park, Soyeun Pharmaceutics Review Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Most existing treatments only provide symptomatic solutions. Here, we introduce currently available commercial drugs and new therapeutics, including repositioned drugs, to treat AD. Despite tremendous efforts, treatments targeting the hallmarks of AD show limited efficacy. Challenges in treating AD are partly caused by difficulties in penetrating the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Recently, nanoparticle (NP)-based systems have shown promising potential as precision medicines that can effectively penetrate the BBB and enhance the targeting ability of numerous drugs. Here, we describe how NPs enter the brain by crossing, avoiding, or disrupting the BBB. In addition, we provide an overview of the action of NPs in the microenvironment of the brain for the treatment of AD. Diverse systems, including liposomes, micelles, polymeric NPs, solid-lipid NPs, and inorganic NPs, have been investigated for NP drug loading to relieve AD symptoms, target AD hallmarks, and target moieties to diagnose AD. We also highlight NP-based immunotherapy, which has recently gained special attention as a potential treatment option to disrupt AD progression. Overall, this review focuses on recently investigated NP systems that represent innovative strategies to understand AD pathogenesis and suggests treatment and diagnostic modalities to cure AD. MDPI 2022-04-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9026997/ /pubmed/35456671 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040835 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Poudel, Prashant
Park, Soyeun
Recent Advances in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems
title Recent Advances in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems
title_full Recent Advances in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems
title_fullStr Recent Advances in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems
title_full_unstemmed Recent Advances in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems
title_short Recent Advances in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems
title_sort recent advances in the treatment of alzheimer’s disease using nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9026997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35456671
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040835
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