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Total Anthocyanin Content of Strawberry and the Profile Changes by Extraction Methods and Sample Processing
Anthocyanins are the primarily pigments in many flowers, vegetables, and fruits and play a critical role in human and plant health. They are polyphenolic pigments that are soluble in water and usually quantified by spectrophotometric methods. The two main methods that quantify anthocyanins are pH di...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9027082/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35454660 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11081072 |
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author | Taghavi, Toktam Patel, Hiral Akande, Omololu E. Galam, Dominique Clark A. |
author_facet | Taghavi, Toktam Patel, Hiral Akande, Omololu E. Galam, Dominique Clark A. |
author_sort | Taghavi, Toktam |
collection | PubMed |
description | Anthocyanins are the primarily pigments in many flowers, vegetables, and fruits and play a critical role in human and plant health. They are polyphenolic pigments that are soluble in water and usually quantified by spectrophotometric methods. The two main methods that quantify anthocyanins are pH differential and organic solvent-based methods. Our hypothesis was that these methods extract different anthocyanin profiles. Therefore, this experiment was designed to identify anthocyanin profiles that are extracted by pH differential and organic solvent-based methods and observe their total anthocyanin content from strawberries. Six methods were tested in this experiment to quantify and profile anthocyanins in strawberry fruits by spectrophotometry and Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) respectively. Four methods used organic solvents (methanol, and chloroform-methanol) in different combinations. The next two methods were pH differential and a combination of organic solvent and the pH differential method. The results suggest that acidified chloroform-methanol extracted the highest anthocyanin content compared to water-based solvents. Methanol-water based solvents also performed better than methanol alone, because both methanol and water may extract different profiles of anthocyanins. Water-based extracts had the greatest absorbance at a lower wavelength (498 nm), followed by methanol (508 nm), and chloroform (530 nm). Chloroform-methanol solvent with higher pH (3.0) extracted pelargonidin as the main anthocyanin, while methanol and water-based solvents (with lower pH 1.0–2.0) extracted delphinidin as their main anthocyanin as identified by UHPLC. Therefore, chloroform-methanol and methanol-water solvents were the best solvents for extracting anthocyanins from strawberries. Also, freeze-dried strawberries had higher anthocyanin contents compared to fresh or frozen samples. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9027082 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90270822022-04-23 Total Anthocyanin Content of Strawberry and the Profile Changes by Extraction Methods and Sample Processing Taghavi, Toktam Patel, Hiral Akande, Omololu E. Galam, Dominique Clark A. Foods Article Anthocyanins are the primarily pigments in many flowers, vegetables, and fruits and play a critical role in human and plant health. They are polyphenolic pigments that are soluble in water and usually quantified by spectrophotometric methods. The two main methods that quantify anthocyanins are pH differential and organic solvent-based methods. Our hypothesis was that these methods extract different anthocyanin profiles. Therefore, this experiment was designed to identify anthocyanin profiles that are extracted by pH differential and organic solvent-based methods and observe their total anthocyanin content from strawberries. Six methods were tested in this experiment to quantify and profile anthocyanins in strawberry fruits by spectrophotometry and Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) respectively. Four methods used organic solvents (methanol, and chloroform-methanol) in different combinations. The next two methods were pH differential and a combination of organic solvent and the pH differential method. The results suggest that acidified chloroform-methanol extracted the highest anthocyanin content compared to water-based solvents. Methanol-water based solvents also performed better than methanol alone, because both methanol and water may extract different profiles of anthocyanins. Water-based extracts had the greatest absorbance at a lower wavelength (498 nm), followed by methanol (508 nm), and chloroform (530 nm). Chloroform-methanol solvent with higher pH (3.0) extracted pelargonidin as the main anthocyanin, while methanol and water-based solvents (with lower pH 1.0–2.0) extracted delphinidin as their main anthocyanin as identified by UHPLC. Therefore, chloroform-methanol and methanol-water solvents were the best solvents for extracting anthocyanins from strawberries. Also, freeze-dried strawberries had higher anthocyanin contents compared to fresh or frozen samples. MDPI 2022-04-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9027082/ /pubmed/35454660 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11081072 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Taghavi, Toktam Patel, Hiral Akande, Omololu E. Galam, Dominique Clark A. Total Anthocyanin Content of Strawberry and the Profile Changes by Extraction Methods and Sample Processing |
title | Total Anthocyanin Content of Strawberry and the Profile Changes by Extraction Methods and Sample Processing |
title_full | Total Anthocyanin Content of Strawberry and the Profile Changes by Extraction Methods and Sample Processing |
title_fullStr | Total Anthocyanin Content of Strawberry and the Profile Changes by Extraction Methods and Sample Processing |
title_full_unstemmed | Total Anthocyanin Content of Strawberry and the Profile Changes by Extraction Methods and Sample Processing |
title_short | Total Anthocyanin Content of Strawberry and the Profile Changes by Extraction Methods and Sample Processing |
title_sort | total anthocyanin content of strawberry and the profile changes by extraction methods and sample processing |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9027082/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35454660 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11081072 |
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