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Socioeconomic inequalities in the utilization of dental services among adults in Saudi Arabia
BACKGROUND: This study used the Anderson Behavioral Model to assess the socioeconomic inequalities in dental services utilization among adults in Saudi Arabia, along with other predictors of utilization, to inform future planning of dental care services. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was a sec...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9027487/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35448991 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02162-w |
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author | Sahab, Deema A. Bamashmous, Mohamed S. Ranauta, Amitha Muirhead, Vanessa |
author_facet | Sahab, Deema A. Bamashmous, Mohamed S. Ranauta, Amitha Muirhead, Vanessa |
author_sort | Sahab, Deema A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: This study used the Anderson Behavioral Model to assess the socioeconomic inequalities in dental services utilization among adults in Saudi Arabia, along with other predictors of utilization, to inform future planning of dental care services. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was a secondary analysis using national data from the 2019 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia World Health Survey (KSAWHS). The survey consisted of two interviewer-administered questionnaires: one household and one individual interview. The questions covered predisposing factors (age, gender, marital status, nationality, education, employment), enabling factors (income, household wealth, area-based socioeconomic class, health insurance, eligibility for free governmental health care, transportation and region of residence) and self-reported need for dental treatment. The main outcome was dental utilization in the past year; predisposing, enabling and need factors were independent variables. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses identified significant predictors of dental utilization, applying survey weights to adjust for the complex survey design. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and p values were reported in the final model. RESULTS: The final dataset included 8535 adults (response rate = 95.4%). Twenty percent of adults had visited the dentist at least once in the past year (95% CI 18–21%). There were socioeconomic inequalities in dental utilization. High household income (OR 1.43, p = 0.043), second and middle household wealth status (OR 1.51, p = 0.003 and OR 1.57, p = 0.006) and access to free governmental health care (OR 2.05, p = 0.004) were significant predictors in the final regression model along with perceived need for dental treatment (OR 52.09, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic inequalities in the utilization of dental services exist in Saudi Arabia. The need for treatment was the strongest predictor suggesting predominantly symptomatic attendance. Increasing awareness about the importance of preventive dental visits rather than symptomatic attendance could be an important policy implication to improve oral health and optimize dental care expenditure. Further research should explore the drivers for adults to seek preventive care in the absence of any recognized dental problems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9027487 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90274872022-04-23 Socioeconomic inequalities in the utilization of dental services among adults in Saudi Arabia Sahab, Deema A. Bamashmous, Mohamed S. Ranauta, Amitha Muirhead, Vanessa BMC Oral Health Research BACKGROUND: This study used the Anderson Behavioral Model to assess the socioeconomic inequalities in dental services utilization among adults in Saudi Arabia, along with other predictors of utilization, to inform future planning of dental care services. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was a secondary analysis using national data from the 2019 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia World Health Survey (KSAWHS). The survey consisted of two interviewer-administered questionnaires: one household and one individual interview. The questions covered predisposing factors (age, gender, marital status, nationality, education, employment), enabling factors (income, household wealth, area-based socioeconomic class, health insurance, eligibility for free governmental health care, transportation and region of residence) and self-reported need for dental treatment. The main outcome was dental utilization in the past year; predisposing, enabling and need factors were independent variables. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses identified significant predictors of dental utilization, applying survey weights to adjust for the complex survey design. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and p values were reported in the final model. RESULTS: The final dataset included 8535 adults (response rate = 95.4%). Twenty percent of adults had visited the dentist at least once in the past year (95% CI 18–21%). There were socioeconomic inequalities in dental utilization. High household income (OR 1.43, p = 0.043), second and middle household wealth status (OR 1.51, p = 0.003 and OR 1.57, p = 0.006) and access to free governmental health care (OR 2.05, p = 0.004) were significant predictors in the final regression model along with perceived need for dental treatment (OR 52.09, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic inequalities in the utilization of dental services exist in Saudi Arabia. The need for treatment was the strongest predictor suggesting predominantly symptomatic attendance. Increasing awareness about the importance of preventive dental visits rather than symptomatic attendance could be an important policy implication to improve oral health and optimize dental care expenditure. Further research should explore the drivers for adults to seek preventive care in the absence of any recognized dental problems. BioMed Central 2022-04-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9027487/ /pubmed/35448991 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02162-w Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visithttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Sahab, Deema A. Bamashmous, Mohamed S. Ranauta, Amitha Muirhead, Vanessa Socioeconomic inequalities in the utilization of dental services among adults in Saudi Arabia |
title | Socioeconomic inequalities in the utilization of dental services among adults in Saudi Arabia |
title_full | Socioeconomic inequalities in the utilization of dental services among adults in Saudi Arabia |
title_fullStr | Socioeconomic inequalities in the utilization of dental services among adults in Saudi Arabia |
title_full_unstemmed | Socioeconomic inequalities in the utilization of dental services among adults in Saudi Arabia |
title_short | Socioeconomic inequalities in the utilization of dental services among adults in Saudi Arabia |
title_sort | socioeconomic inequalities in the utilization of dental services among adults in saudi arabia |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9027487/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35448991 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02162-w |
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