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Efficacy and Effectiveness of the Meningococcal Conjugate Group A Vaccine MenAfriVac(®) in Preventing Recurrent Meningitis Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa
For more than a century, epidemic meningococcal disease mainly caused by serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis has been an important public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. To address this problem, an affordable meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine, MenAfriVac(®), was developed specifically...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9027557/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35455366 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040617 |
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author | Viviani, Simonetta |
author_facet | Viviani, Simonetta |
author_sort | Viviani, Simonetta |
collection | PubMed |
description | For more than a century, epidemic meningococcal disease mainly caused by serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis has been an important public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. To address this problem, an affordable meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine, MenAfriVac(®), was developed specifically for populations in the African meningitis belt countries. MenAfriVac(®) was licensed based on safety and immunogenicity data for a population aged 1–29 years. In particular, the surrogate markers of clinical efficacy were considered to be the higher immunogenicity and the ability to prime immunological memory in infants and young children compared to a polysaccharide vaccine. Because of the magnitude of serogroup A meningitis epidemics and the high morbidity and mortality burden, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the MenAfriVac(®) deployment strategy, starting with mass vaccination campaigns for 1–29-year-olds to rapidly interrupt serogroup A person-to-person transmission and establish herd protection, followed by routine immunization of infants and toddlers to sustain protection and prevent epidemics. After licensure and WHO prequalification of MenAfriVac(®), campaigns began in December 2010 in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. By the middle of 2011, it was clear that the vaccine was highly effective in preventing serogroup A carriage and disease. Post introduction meningitis surveillance revealed that serogroup A meningococcal disease had disappeared from all age groups, suggesting that robust herd immunity had been achieved. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9027557 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90275572022-04-23 Efficacy and Effectiveness of the Meningococcal Conjugate Group A Vaccine MenAfriVac(®) in Preventing Recurrent Meningitis Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa Viviani, Simonetta Vaccines (Basel) Review For more than a century, epidemic meningococcal disease mainly caused by serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis has been an important public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. To address this problem, an affordable meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine, MenAfriVac(®), was developed specifically for populations in the African meningitis belt countries. MenAfriVac(®) was licensed based on safety and immunogenicity data for a population aged 1–29 years. In particular, the surrogate markers of clinical efficacy were considered to be the higher immunogenicity and the ability to prime immunological memory in infants and young children compared to a polysaccharide vaccine. Because of the magnitude of serogroup A meningitis epidemics and the high morbidity and mortality burden, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the MenAfriVac(®) deployment strategy, starting with mass vaccination campaigns for 1–29-year-olds to rapidly interrupt serogroup A person-to-person transmission and establish herd protection, followed by routine immunization of infants and toddlers to sustain protection and prevent epidemics. After licensure and WHO prequalification of MenAfriVac(®), campaigns began in December 2010 in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. By the middle of 2011, it was clear that the vaccine was highly effective in preventing serogroup A carriage and disease. Post introduction meningitis surveillance revealed that serogroup A meningococcal disease had disappeared from all age groups, suggesting that robust herd immunity had been achieved. MDPI 2022-04-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9027557/ /pubmed/35455366 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040617 Text en © 2022 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Viviani, Simonetta Efficacy and Effectiveness of the Meningococcal Conjugate Group A Vaccine MenAfriVac(®) in Preventing Recurrent Meningitis Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa |
title | Efficacy and Effectiveness of the Meningococcal Conjugate Group A Vaccine MenAfriVac(®) in Preventing Recurrent Meningitis Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa |
title_full | Efficacy and Effectiveness of the Meningococcal Conjugate Group A Vaccine MenAfriVac(®) in Preventing Recurrent Meningitis Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa |
title_fullStr | Efficacy and Effectiveness of the Meningococcal Conjugate Group A Vaccine MenAfriVac(®) in Preventing Recurrent Meningitis Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa |
title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy and Effectiveness of the Meningococcal Conjugate Group A Vaccine MenAfriVac(®) in Preventing Recurrent Meningitis Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa |
title_short | Efficacy and Effectiveness of the Meningococcal Conjugate Group A Vaccine MenAfriVac(®) in Preventing Recurrent Meningitis Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa |
title_sort | efficacy and effectiveness of the meningococcal conjugate group a vaccine menafrivac(®) in preventing recurrent meningitis epidemics in sub-saharan africa |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9027557/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35455366 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040617 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT vivianisimonetta efficacyandeffectivenessofthemeningococcalconjugategroupavaccinemenafrivacinpreventingrecurrentmeningitisepidemicsinsubsaharanafrica |