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Performance Evaluation of Deep Learning Models on Mammogram Classification Using Small Dataset
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and breast cancer (BC) is the second most reported cancer. Although the incidence rate is reducing in developed countries, the reverse is the case in low- and middle-income countries. Early detection has been found to contain cancer growth, preve...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9027584/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35447721 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9040161 |
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author | Adedigba, Adeyinka P. Adeshina, Steve A. Aibinu, Abiodun M. |
author_facet | Adedigba, Adeyinka P. Adeshina, Steve A. Aibinu, Abiodun M. |
author_sort | Adedigba, Adeyinka P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and breast cancer (BC) is the second most reported cancer. Although the incidence rate is reducing in developed countries, the reverse is the case in low- and middle-income countries. Early detection has been found to contain cancer growth, prevent metastasis, ease treatment, and reduce mortality by 25%. The digital mammogram is one of the most common, cheapest, and most effective BC screening techniques capable of early detection of up to 90% BC incidence. However, the mammogram is one of the most difficult medical images to analyze. In this paper, we present a method of training a deep learning model for BC diagnosis. We developed a discriminative fine-tuning method which dynamically assigns different learning rates to each layer of the deep CNN. In addition, the model was trained using mixed-precision training to ease the computational demand of training deep learning models. Lastly, we present data augmentation methods for mammograms. The discriminative fine-tuning algorithm enables rapid convergence of the model loss; hence, the models were trained to attain their best performance within 50 epochs. Comparing the results, DenseNet achieved the highest accuracy of 0.998, while AlexNet obtained 0.988. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9027584 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90275842022-04-23 Performance Evaluation of Deep Learning Models on Mammogram Classification Using Small Dataset Adedigba, Adeyinka P. Adeshina, Steve A. Aibinu, Abiodun M. Bioengineering (Basel) Article Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and breast cancer (BC) is the second most reported cancer. Although the incidence rate is reducing in developed countries, the reverse is the case in low- and middle-income countries. Early detection has been found to contain cancer growth, prevent metastasis, ease treatment, and reduce mortality by 25%. The digital mammogram is one of the most common, cheapest, and most effective BC screening techniques capable of early detection of up to 90% BC incidence. However, the mammogram is one of the most difficult medical images to analyze. In this paper, we present a method of training a deep learning model for BC diagnosis. We developed a discriminative fine-tuning method which dynamically assigns different learning rates to each layer of the deep CNN. In addition, the model was trained using mixed-precision training to ease the computational demand of training deep learning models. Lastly, we present data augmentation methods for mammograms. The discriminative fine-tuning algorithm enables rapid convergence of the model loss; hence, the models were trained to attain their best performance within 50 epochs. Comparing the results, DenseNet achieved the highest accuracy of 0.998, while AlexNet obtained 0.988. MDPI 2022-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9027584/ /pubmed/35447721 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9040161 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Adedigba, Adeyinka P. Adeshina, Steve A. Aibinu, Abiodun M. Performance Evaluation of Deep Learning Models on Mammogram Classification Using Small Dataset |
title | Performance Evaluation of Deep Learning Models on Mammogram Classification Using Small Dataset |
title_full | Performance Evaluation of Deep Learning Models on Mammogram Classification Using Small Dataset |
title_fullStr | Performance Evaluation of Deep Learning Models on Mammogram Classification Using Small Dataset |
title_full_unstemmed | Performance Evaluation of Deep Learning Models on Mammogram Classification Using Small Dataset |
title_short | Performance Evaluation of Deep Learning Models on Mammogram Classification Using Small Dataset |
title_sort | performance evaluation of deep learning models on mammogram classification using small dataset |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9027584/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35447721 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9040161 |
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