Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Upper Limb: Optimizing Management to Reduce Complications

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a severe, potentially life-threatening condition. The aim of this study is to identify strategies aimed at reducing complications in patients with NF of the upper limb. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on patients admitted to our Unit for suspected NF of the upper limb. The analyzed data included patient characteristics, delay before primary care, clinical and biological signs upon arrival, pathogens involved, and the rate of amputations and mortality. Results: A total of 21 patients presented with confirmed necrotizing bacterial dermohypodermitis-NBDH with NF (NBDH-NF) affecting the upper limb. The mean delay between the onset of symptoms and the clinical examination in the Emergency Dermatology Unit was 48 h (range: 6 to 72 h). The mean delay between admission and primary surgery was 150 min (range: 60 min to 280 min). No amputations were performed. All patients were alive one year after the first surgical procedure. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that it is possible to reduce mortality and morbidity rates in NF of the upper limb. Timely diagnosis and early treatment and a multidisciplinary medico-surgical dedicated team providing care can significantly modify the outcomes. Early surgical debridement is the most important factor affecting the prognosis of these infections.