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Insulin Resistance Is Cheerfully Hitched with Hypertension
Cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have risen steadily worldwide, particularly in low-income and developing countries. In the last hundred years, deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases increased rapidly to 35–40%, becoming the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Card...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9028820/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35455055 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12040564 |
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author | Sinha, Susmita Haque, Mainul |
author_facet | Sinha, Susmita Haque, Mainul |
author_sort | Sinha, Susmita |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have risen steadily worldwide, particularly in low-income and developing countries. In the last hundred years, deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases increased rapidly to 35–40%, becoming the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is aggravated by hypertension. Hypertension and diabetes are closely interlinked since they have similar risk factors such as endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, arterial remodeling, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Patients with high blood pressure often show insulin resistance and have a higher risk of developing diabetes than normotensive individuals. It has been observed that over the last 30 years, the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) has increased significantly. Accordingly, hypertension and insulin resistance are strongly related to an increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and endocrine disorders. Common mechanisms, for instance, upregulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and activation of the immune system, possibly have a role in the association between diabetes and hypertension. Altogether these abnormalities significantly increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9028820 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90288202022-04-23 Insulin Resistance Is Cheerfully Hitched with Hypertension Sinha, Susmita Haque, Mainul Life (Basel) Review Cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have risen steadily worldwide, particularly in low-income and developing countries. In the last hundred years, deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases increased rapidly to 35–40%, becoming the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is aggravated by hypertension. Hypertension and diabetes are closely interlinked since they have similar risk factors such as endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, arterial remodeling, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Patients with high blood pressure often show insulin resistance and have a higher risk of developing diabetes than normotensive individuals. It has been observed that over the last 30 years, the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) has increased significantly. Accordingly, hypertension and insulin resistance are strongly related to an increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and endocrine disorders. Common mechanisms, for instance, upregulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and activation of the immune system, possibly have a role in the association between diabetes and hypertension. Altogether these abnormalities significantly increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. MDPI 2022-04-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9028820/ /pubmed/35455055 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12040564 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Sinha, Susmita Haque, Mainul Insulin Resistance Is Cheerfully Hitched with Hypertension |
title | Insulin Resistance Is Cheerfully Hitched with Hypertension |
title_full | Insulin Resistance Is Cheerfully Hitched with Hypertension |
title_fullStr | Insulin Resistance Is Cheerfully Hitched with Hypertension |
title_full_unstemmed | Insulin Resistance Is Cheerfully Hitched with Hypertension |
title_short | Insulin Resistance Is Cheerfully Hitched with Hypertension |
title_sort | insulin resistance is cheerfully hitched with hypertension |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9028820/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35455055 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12040564 |
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