Visualising the Emerging Platform of Using Microalgae as a Sustainable Bio-Factory for Healthy Lipid Production through Biocompatible AIE Probes

Nowadays, a particular focus is using microalgae to get high-valued health beneficiary lipids. The precise localisation of the lipid droplets (LDs) and biochemical changes are crucial to portray the lipid production strategy in algae, but it requires an in vivo tool to rapidly visualise LD distribution. As a novel strategy, this study focuses on detecting lipid bioaccumulation in a green microalga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) based probe, 2-DPAN (C(24)H(18)N(2)O). As the messenger molecule and stress biomarker, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) activity was detected in lipid synthesis with the AIE probe, TPE-BO (C(38)H(42)B(2)O(4)). Distinctive LDs labelled with 2-DPAN have elucidated the lipid inducing conditions, where more health beneficiary α-linolenic acid has been produced. TPE-BO labelled H(2)O(2) have clarified the involvement of H(2)O(2) during lipid biogenesis. The co-staining procedure with traditional green BODIPY dye and red chlorophyll indicates that 2-DPAN is suitable for multicolour LD imaging. Compared with BODIPY, 2-DPAN was an efficient sample preparation technique without the washing procedure. Thus, 2-DPAN could improve traditional fluorescent probes currently used for lipid imaging. In addition, the rapid, wash-free, multicolour AIE-based in vivo probe in the study of LDs with 2-DPAN could advance the research of lipid production in microalgae.