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Incidence and Risk Factors of COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study in Belgium

The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections. We included all persons ≥18 years that had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 for ≥14 days, between 1 February 2021 and 5 December 2021, in Belgium. The inciden...

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Autores principales: Stouten, Veerle, Hubin, Pierre, Haarhuis, Freek, van Loenhout, Joris A. F., Billuart, Matthieu, Brondeel, Ruben, Braeye, Toon, Van Oyen, Herman, Wyndham-Thomas, Chloé, Catteau, Lucy
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9029338/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35458532
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040802
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author Stouten, Veerle
Hubin, Pierre
Haarhuis, Freek
van Loenhout, Joris A. F.
Billuart, Matthieu
Brondeel, Ruben
Braeye, Toon
Van Oyen, Herman
Wyndham-Thomas, Chloé
Catteau, Lucy
author_facet Stouten, Veerle
Hubin, Pierre
Haarhuis, Freek
van Loenhout, Joris A. F.
Billuart, Matthieu
Brondeel, Ruben
Braeye, Toon
Van Oyen, Herman
Wyndham-Thomas, Chloé
Catteau, Lucy
author_sort Stouten, Veerle
collection PubMed
description The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections. We included all persons ≥18 years that had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 for ≥14 days, between 1 February 2021 and 5 December 2021, in Belgium. The incidence of breakthrough infections (laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infections) was determined. Factors associated with breakthrough infections were analyzed using COX proportional hazard models. Among 8,062,600 fully vaccinated adults, we identified 373,070 breakthrough infections with an incidence of 11.2 (95%CI 11.2–11.3)/100 person years. Vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S (HR1.54, 95%CI 1.52–1.56) or ChAdOx1 (HR1.68, 95%CI 1.66–1.69) was associated with a higher risk of a breakthrough infection compared to BNT162b2, while mRNA-1273 was associated with a lower risk (HR0.68, 95%CI 0.67–0.69). A prior COVID-19-infection was protective against a breakthrough infection (HR0.23, 95%CI 0.23–0.24), as was an mRNA booster (HR0.44, 95%CI 0.43–0.45). During a breakthrough infection, those who had a prior COVID-19 infection were less likely to have COVID-19 symptoms of almost all types than naïve persons. We identified risk factors associated with breakthrough infections, such as vaccination with adenoviral-vector vaccines, which could help inform future decisions on booster vaccination strategies. A prior COVID-19 infection lowered the risk of breakthrough infections and of having symptoms, highlighting the protective effect of hybrid immunity.
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spelling pubmed-90293382022-04-23 Incidence and Risk Factors of COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study in Belgium Stouten, Veerle Hubin, Pierre Haarhuis, Freek van Loenhout, Joris A. F. Billuart, Matthieu Brondeel, Ruben Braeye, Toon Van Oyen, Herman Wyndham-Thomas, Chloé Catteau, Lucy Viruses Article The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections. We included all persons ≥18 years that had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 for ≥14 days, between 1 February 2021 and 5 December 2021, in Belgium. The incidence of breakthrough infections (laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infections) was determined. Factors associated with breakthrough infections were analyzed using COX proportional hazard models. Among 8,062,600 fully vaccinated adults, we identified 373,070 breakthrough infections with an incidence of 11.2 (95%CI 11.2–11.3)/100 person years. Vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S (HR1.54, 95%CI 1.52–1.56) or ChAdOx1 (HR1.68, 95%CI 1.66–1.69) was associated with a higher risk of a breakthrough infection compared to BNT162b2, while mRNA-1273 was associated with a lower risk (HR0.68, 95%CI 0.67–0.69). A prior COVID-19-infection was protective against a breakthrough infection (HR0.23, 95%CI 0.23–0.24), as was an mRNA booster (HR0.44, 95%CI 0.43–0.45). During a breakthrough infection, those who had a prior COVID-19 infection were less likely to have COVID-19 symptoms of almost all types than naïve persons. We identified risk factors associated with breakthrough infections, such as vaccination with adenoviral-vector vaccines, which could help inform future decisions on booster vaccination strategies. A prior COVID-19 infection lowered the risk of breakthrough infections and of having symptoms, highlighting the protective effect of hybrid immunity. MDPI 2022-04-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9029338/ /pubmed/35458532 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040802 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Stouten, Veerle
Hubin, Pierre
Haarhuis, Freek
van Loenhout, Joris A. F.
Billuart, Matthieu
Brondeel, Ruben
Braeye, Toon
Van Oyen, Herman
Wyndham-Thomas, Chloé
Catteau, Lucy
Incidence and Risk Factors of COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study in Belgium
title Incidence and Risk Factors of COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study in Belgium
title_full Incidence and Risk Factors of COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study in Belgium
title_fullStr Incidence and Risk Factors of COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study in Belgium
title_full_unstemmed Incidence and Risk Factors of COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study in Belgium
title_short Incidence and Risk Factors of COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study in Belgium
title_sort incidence and risk factors of covid-19 vaccine breakthrough infections: a prospective cohort study in belgium
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9029338/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35458532
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040802
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