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Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders: Toward Integrative Diagnostic Frameworks and Tailored Treatments
The diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represents an increasing social burden, with the unsolved issue of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). The failure of clinical trials treating Alzheimer′s Disease (AD) so far highlighted the need for a different approach in drug design and patient s...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9029739/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35453843 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12040796 |
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author | Giampietri, Linda Belli, Elisabetta Beatino, Maria Francesca Giannoni, Sara Palermo, Giovanni Campese, Nicole Tognoni, Gloria Siciliano, Gabriele Ceravolo, Roberto De Luca, Ciro Baldacci, Filippo |
author_facet | Giampietri, Linda Belli, Elisabetta Beatino, Maria Francesca Giannoni, Sara Palermo, Giovanni Campese, Nicole Tognoni, Gloria Siciliano, Gabriele Ceravolo, Roberto De Luca, Ciro Baldacci, Filippo |
author_sort | Giampietri, Linda |
collection | PubMed |
description | The diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represents an increasing social burden, with the unsolved issue of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). The failure of clinical trials treating Alzheimer′s Disease (AD) so far highlighted the need for a different approach in drug design and patient selection. Identifying subjects in the prodromal or early symptomatic phase is critical to slow down neurodegeneration, but the implementation of screening programs with this aim will have an ethical and social aftermath. Novel minimally invasive candidate biomarkers (derived from blood, saliva, olfactory brush) or classical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have been developed in research settings to stratify patients with NDDs. Misfolded protein accumulation, neuroinflammation, and synaptic loss are the pathophysiological hallmarks detected by these biomarkers to refine diagnosis, prognosis, and target engagement of drugs in clinical trials. We reviewed fluid biomarkers of NDDs, considering their potential role as screening, diagnostic, or prognostic tool, and their present-day use in clinical trials (phase II and III). A special focus will be dedicated to novel techniques for the detection of misfolded proteins. Eventually, an applicative diagnostic algorithm will be proposed to translate the research data in clinical practice and select prodromal or early patients to be enrolled in the appropriate DMTs trials for NDDs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9029739 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90297392022-04-23 Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders: Toward Integrative Diagnostic Frameworks and Tailored Treatments Giampietri, Linda Belli, Elisabetta Beatino, Maria Francesca Giannoni, Sara Palermo, Giovanni Campese, Nicole Tognoni, Gloria Siciliano, Gabriele Ceravolo, Roberto De Luca, Ciro Baldacci, Filippo Diagnostics (Basel) Review The diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represents an increasing social burden, with the unsolved issue of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). The failure of clinical trials treating Alzheimer′s Disease (AD) so far highlighted the need for a different approach in drug design and patient selection. Identifying subjects in the prodromal or early symptomatic phase is critical to slow down neurodegeneration, but the implementation of screening programs with this aim will have an ethical and social aftermath. Novel minimally invasive candidate biomarkers (derived from blood, saliva, olfactory brush) or classical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have been developed in research settings to stratify patients with NDDs. Misfolded protein accumulation, neuroinflammation, and synaptic loss are the pathophysiological hallmarks detected by these biomarkers to refine diagnosis, prognosis, and target engagement of drugs in clinical trials. We reviewed fluid biomarkers of NDDs, considering their potential role as screening, diagnostic, or prognostic tool, and their present-day use in clinical trials (phase II and III). A special focus will be dedicated to novel techniques for the detection of misfolded proteins. Eventually, an applicative diagnostic algorithm will be proposed to translate the research data in clinical practice and select prodromal or early patients to be enrolled in the appropriate DMTs trials for NDDs. MDPI 2022-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9029739/ /pubmed/35453843 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12040796 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Giampietri, Linda Belli, Elisabetta Beatino, Maria Francesca Giannoni, Sara Palermo, Giovanni Campese, Nicole Tognoni, Gloria Siciliano, Gabriele Ceravolo, Roberto De Luca, Ciro Baldacci, Filippo Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders: Toward Integrative Diagnostic Frameworks and Tailored Treatments |
title | Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders: Toward Integrative Diagnostic Frameworks and Tailored Treatments |
title_full | Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders: Toward Integrative Diagnostic Frameworks and Tailored Treatments |
title_fullStr | Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders: Toward Integrative Diagnostic Frameworks and Tailored Treatments |
title_full_unstemmed | Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders: Toward Integrative Diagnostic Frameworks and Tailored Treatments |
title_short | Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders: Toward Integrative Diagnostic Frameworks and Tailored Treatments |
title_sort | fluid biomarkers in alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders: toward integrative diagnostic frameworks and tailored treatments |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9029739/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35453843 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12040796 |
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