Adjusted CT Image-Based Radiomic Features Combined with Immune Genomic Expression Achieve Accurate Prognostic Classification and Identification of Therapeutic Targets in Stage III Colorectal Cancer

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Using the covariate-adjusted tensor classification in the high-dimension (CATCH) model, we integrated adjusted radiomics-based CT images into RNA immune genomic expression data to achieve the accurate classification of recurrent CRC. The correlation between radiomic features and immune gene expression identifies potential therapeutic targets in CRC. We provide individualized cancer therapeutic strategies based on adjusted radiomic features in recurrent stage III CRC. ABSTRACT: To evaluate whether adjusted computed tomography (CT) scan image-based radiomics combined with immune genomic expression can achieve accurate stratification of cancer recurrence and identify potential therapeutic targets in stage III colorectal cancer (CRC), this cohort study enrolled 71 patients with postoperative stage III CRC. Based on preoperative CT scans, radiomic features were extracted and selected to build pixel image data using covariate-adjusted tensor classification in the high-dimension (CATCH) model. The differentially expressed RNA genes, as radiomic covariates, were identified by cancer recurrence. Predictive models were built using the pixel image and immune genomic expression factors, and the area under the curve (AUC) and F1 score were used to evaluate their performance. Significantly adjusted radiomic features were selected to predict recurrence. The association between the significantly adjusted radiomic features and immune gene expression was also investigated. Overall, 1037 radiomic features were converted into 33 × 32-pixel image data. Thirty differentially expressed genes were identified. We performed 100 iterations of 3-fold cross-validation to evaluate the performance of the CATCH model, which showed a high sensitivity of 0.66 and an F1 score of 0.69. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.56. Overall, ten adjusted radiomic features were significantly associated with cancer recurrence in the CATCH model. All of these methods are texture-associated radiomics. Compared with non-adjusted radiomics, 7 out of 10 adjusted radiomic features influenced recurrence-free survival. The adjusted radiomic features were positively associated with PECAM1, PRDM1, AIF1, IL10, ISG20, and TLR8 expression. We provide individualized cancer therapeutic strategies based on adjusted radiomic features in recurrent stage III CRC. Adjusted CT scan image-based radiomics with immune genomic expression covariates using the CATCH model can efficiently predict cancer recurrence. The correlation between adjusted radiomic features and immune genomic expression can provide biological relevance and individualized therapeutic targets.