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Physiological Effect of Deep Pressure in Reducing Anxiety of Children with ASD during Traveling: A Public Transportation Setting
Traveling with children with autism can be very challenging for parents due to their reactions to sensory stimuli resulting in behavioral problems, which lead to self-injury and danger for themselves and others. Deep pressure was reported to have a calming effect on people with autism. This study wa...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9030047/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35447717 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9040157 |
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author | Afif, Ilham Yustar Manik, Aloysius Raynaldo Munthe, Kristian Maula, Mohamad Izzur Ammarullah, Muhammad Imam Jamari, Jamari Winarni, Tri Indah |
author_facet | Afif, Ilham Yustar Manik, Aloysius Raynaldo Munthe, Kristian Maula, Mohamad Izzur Ammarullah, Muhammad Imam Jamari, Jamari Winarni, Tri Indah |
author_sort | Afif, Ilham Yustar |
collection | PubMed |
description | Traveling with children with autism can be very challenging for parents due to their reactions to sensory stimuli resulting in behavioral problems, which lead to self-injury and danger for themselves and others. Deep pressure was reported to have a calming effect on people with autism. This study was designed to investigate the physiological effect of deep pressure, which is an autism hug machine portable seat (AHMPS) in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in public transportation settings. The study was conducted with 20 children with ASD (16 boys and 4 girls) at the Semarang Public Special School with an age ranging from 4 to 13 years (mean 10.9 ± 2.26 years), who were randomly assigned into two groups. The experiment consisted of group I who used the AHMPS inflatable wraps model and group II who used the AHMPS manual pull model. Heart rate (HR) and skin conductance (SC) were analyzed to measure the physiological calming effect using pulse oximeter oximetry and a galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor. Heart rate was significantly decreased during the treatment compared to the baseline (pre-test) session in group I (inflating wrap model) with p = 0.019, while no change of heart rate variability (HRV) was found in group II (manual pull model) with p = 0.111. There was no remaining effect of deep pressure using the HRV indicator after the treatment in both groups (group I with p = 0.159 and group II with p = 0.566). GSR captured the significant decrease in skin conductance during the treatment with p < 0.0001 in group I, but no significant decrease was recorded in group II with p = 0.062. A skin conductance indicator captured the remaining effect of deep pressure (after the treatment); it was better in group I (p = 0.003) than in group II (p = 0.773). In conclusion, the deep pressure of the AHMPS inflating wrap decreases physiological arousal in children with ASD during traveling. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9030047 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90300472022-04-23 Physiological Effect of Deep Pressure in Reducing Anxiety of Children with ASD during Traveling: A Public Transportation Setting Afif, Ilham Yustar Manik, Aloysius Raynaldo Munthe, Kristian Maula, Mohamad Izzur Ammarullah, Muhammad Imam Jamari, Jamari Winarni, Tri Indah Bioengineering (Basel) Article Traveling with children with autism can be very challenging for parents due to their reactions to sensory stimuli resulting in behavioral problems, which lead to self-injury and danger for themselves and others. Deep pressure was reported to have a calming effect on people with autism. This study was designed to investigate the physiological effect of deep pressure, which is an autism hug machine portable seat (AHMPS) in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in public transportation settings. The study was conducted with 20 children with ASD (16 boys and 4 girls) at the Semarang Public Special School with an age ranging from 4 to 13 years (mean 10.9 ± 2.26 years), who were randomly assigned into two groups. The experiment consisted of group I who used the AHMPS inflatable wraps model and group II who used the AHMPS manual pull model. Heart rate (HR) and skin conductance (SC) were analyzed to measure the physiological calming effect using pulse oximeter oximetry and a galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor. Heart rate was significantly decreased during the treatment compared to the baseline (pre-test) session in group I (inflating wrap model) with p = 0.019, while no change of heart rate variability (HRV) was found in group II (manual pull model) with p = 0.111. There was no remaining effect of deep pressure using the HRV indicator after the treatment in both groups (group I with p = 0.159 and group II with p = 0.566). GSR captured the significant decrease in skin conductance during the treatment with p < 0.0001 in group I, but no significant decrease was recorded in group II with p = 0.062. A skin conductance indicator captured the remaining effect of deep pressure (after the treatment); it was better in group I (p = 0.003) than in group II (p = 0.773). In conclusion, the deep pressure of the AHMPS inflating wrap decreases physiological arousal in children with ASD during traveling. MDPI 2022-04-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9030047/ /pubmed/35447717 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9040157 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Afif, Ilham Yustar Manik, Aloysius Raynaldo Munthe, Kristian Maula, Mohamad Izzur Ammarullah, Muhammad Imam Jamari, Jamari Winarni, Tri Indah Physiological Effect of Deep Pressure in Reducing Anxiety of Children with ASD during Traveling: A Public Transportation Setting |
title | Physiological Effect of Deep Pressure in Reducing Anxiety of Children with ASD during Traveling: A Public Transportation Setting |
title_full | Physiological Effect of Deep Pressure in Reducing Anxiety of Children with ASD during Traveling: A Public Transportation Setting |
title_fullStr | Physiological Effect of Deep Pressure in Reducing Anxiety of Children with ASD during Traveling: A Public Transportation Setting |
title_full_unstemmed | Physiological Effect of Deep Pressure in Reducing Anxiety of Children with ASD during Traveling: A Public Transportation Setting |
title_short | Physiological Effect of Deep Pressure in Reducing Anxiety of Children with ASD during Traveling: A Public Transportation Setting |
title_sort | physiological effect of deep pressure in reducing anxiety of children with asd during traveling: a public transportation setting |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9030047/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35447717 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9040157 |
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