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Spread of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in the German Bird Population, 2019–2020
West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are important flaviviruses circulating in Germany. While USUV was first reported more than 10 years ago, WNV has only reached the country in 2018. Wild birds are important amplifying hosts for both viruses. Therefore, we have been monitoring the bird popu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9030481/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35456857 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040807 |
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author | Ziegler, Ute Bergmann, Felicitas Fischer, Dominik Müller, Kerstin Holicki, Cora M. Sadeghi, Balal Sieg, Michael Keller, Markus Schwehn, Rebekka Reuschel, Maximilian Fischer, Luisa Krone, Oliver Rinder, Monika Schütte, Karolin Schmidt, Volker Eiden, Martin Fast, Christine Günther, Anne Globig, Anja Conraths, Franz J. Staubach, Christoph Brandes, Florian Lierz, Michael Korbel, Rüdiger Vahlenkamp, Thomas W. Groschup, Martin H. |
author_facet | Ziegler, Ute Bergmann, Felicitas Fischer, Dominik Müller, Kerstin Holicki, Cora M. Sadeghi, Balal Sieg, Michael Keller, Markus Schwehn, Rebekka Reuschel, Maximilian Fischer, Luisa Krone, Oliver Rinder, Monika Schütte, Karolin Schmidt, Volker Eiden, Martin Fast, Christine Günther, Anne Globig, Anja Conraths, Franz J. Staubach, Christoph Brandes, Florian Lierz, Michael Korbel, Rüdiger Vahlenkamp, Thomas W. Groschup, Martin H. |
author_sort | Ziegler, Ute |
collection | PubMed |
description | West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are important flaviviruses circulating in Germany. While USUV was first reported more than 10 years ago, WNV has only reached the country in 2018. Wild birds are important amplifying hosts for both viruses. Therefore, we have been monitoring the bird population in different regions of Germany by a previously established network for many years. This report summarizes the results of molecular and/or serological methods of 2345 blood samples from birds of 22 different orders and over 2900 bird carcasses from 2019 and 2020. USUV RNA circulation was found in different regions of Germany, with emphasis on USUV lineages Europe 3 and Africa 3. Increased evidence of USUV lineage Europe 2 was detected in eastern Germany. WNV RNA was found only in birds from the eastern part of the country. The seroprevalence for USUV was between 3.11% and 7.20% in all three regions investigated, whereas the WNV seroprevalence spanned from 14.77% to 16.15% in eastern Germany, with a noticeable tendency for a westward and southward expansion in both years. Thus, wild bird monitoring for WNV and USUV can serve as an early warning system for a human exposure risk. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9030481 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90304812022-04-23 Spread of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in the German Bird Population, 2019–2020 Ziegler, Ute Bergmann, Felicitas Fischer, Dominik Müller, Kerstin Holicki, Cora M. Sadeghi, Balal Sieg, Michael Keller, Markus Schwehn, Rebekka Reuschel, Maximilian Fischer, Luisa Krone, Oliver Rinder, Monika Schütte, Karolin Schmidt, Volker Eiden, Martin Fast, Christine Günther, Anne Globig, Anja Conraths, Franz J. Staubach, Christoph Brandes, Florian Lierz, Michael Korbel, Rüdiger Vahlenkamp, Thomas W. Groschup, Martin H. Microorganisms Article West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are important flaviviruses circulating in Germany. While USUV was first reported more than 10 years ago, WNV has only reached the country in 2018. Wild birds are important amplifying hosts for both viruses. Therefore, we have been monitoring the bird population in different regions of Germany by a previously established network for many years. This report summarizes the results of molecular and/or serological methods of 2345 blood samples from birds of 22 different orders and over 2900 bird carcasses from 2019 and 2020. USUV RNA circulation was found in different regions of Germany, with emphasis on USUV lineages Europe 3 and Africa 3. Increased evidence of USUV lineage Europe 2 was detected in eastern Germany. WNV RNA was found only in birds from the eastern part of the country. The seroprevalence for USUV was between 3.11% and 7.20% in all three regions investigated, whereas the WNV seroprevalence spanned from 14.77% to 16.15% in eastern Germany, with a noticeable tendency for a westward and southward expansion in both years. Thus, wild bird monitoring for WNV and USUV can serve as an early warning system for a human exposure risk. MDPI 2022-04-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9030481/ /pubmed/35456857 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040807 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ziegler, Ute Bergmann, Felicitas Fischer, Dominik Müller, Kerstin Holicki, Cora M. Sadeghi, Balal Sieg, Michael Keller, Markus Schwehn, Rebekka Reuschel, Maximilian Fischer, Luisa Krone, Oliver Rinder, Monika Schütte, Karolin Schmidt, Volker Eiden, Martin Fast, Christine Günther, Anne Globig, Anja Conraths, Franz J. Staubach, Christoph Brandes, Florian Lierz, Michael Korbel, Rüdiger Vahlenkamp, Thomas W. Groschup, Martin H. Spread of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in the German Bird Population, 2019–2020 |
title | Spread of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in the German Bird Population, 2019–2020 |
title_full | Spread of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in the German Bird Population, 2019–2020 |
title_fullStr | Spread of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in the German Bird Population, 2019–2020 |
title_full_unstemmed | Spread of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in the German Bird Population, 2019–2020 |
title_short | Spread of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in the German Bird Population, 2019–2020 |
title_sort | spread of west nile virus and usutu virus in the german bird population, 2019–2020 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9030481/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35456857 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040807 |
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