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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Two Contrasting Maize Hybrids’ Responses to Low Nitrogen Stress at the Twelve Leaf Stage and Function Verification of ZmTGA Gene
Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth and development. However, large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer not only increase the production costs, but also lead to serious environmental problems. Therefore, it is particularly important to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9030517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35456476 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13040670 |
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author | Wang, Yafei Wang, Nan Liu, Songtao Dong, Anyi Zenda, Tinashe Liu, Xinyue Li, Jiao Duan, Huijun |
author_facet | Wang, Yafei Wang, Nan Liu, Songtao Dong, Anyi Zenda, Tinashe Liu, Xinyue Li, Jiao Duan, Huijun |
author_sort | Wang, Yafei |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth and development. However, large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer not only increase the production costs, but also lead to serious environmental problems. Therefore, it is particularly important to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer and develop maize varieties with low nitrogen tolerance. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and proteomic alterations of maize affected by nitrogen deficiency and to elucidate the molecular and physiological mechanisms underpinning maize tolerance to low nitrogen. Two maize hybrids with contrasting low nitrogen tolerance were used as the experimental materials. Maize plants were grown under different nitrogen application levels (N0 and N240) and proteomic analysis performed to analyze leaf differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) under different nitrogen conditions. The results showed that under the nitrogen deficiency condition, the nitrogen content, leaf dry weight, leaf area, and leaf area index of XY335 decreased by 15.58%, 8.83%, 3.44%, and 3.44%, respectively. However, in the variety HN138, the same parameters decreased by 56.94%, 11.97%, 8.79%, and 8.79%, respectively. Through proteomic analysis, we found that the low nitrogen tolerance variety responded to low nitrogen stress through lignin biosynthesis, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and stress defense proteins. Transmembrane transporters were differentially expressed in both hybrids after low nitrogen treatment, suggesting that this was a common response to low nitrogen stress. Using bioinformatics analysis, we selected the key candidate gene (ZmTGA) that was assumed to respond to low nitrogen stress, and its function was characterized by maize mutants. The results showed that when compared with normal nitrogen treatment, the root length of the mutants under low nitrogen treatment increased by 10.1%, while that of the wild-type increased by 14.8%; the root surface area of the wild type under low nitrogen treatment increased by 9.6%, while that of the mutants decreased by 5.2%; the root surface area of the wild type was higher than that of the mutant at both nitrogen levels; and the activities of glutathione and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes in the mutant were lower than those in the wild-type under low nitrogen treatment. In summary, the mutant was less adaptable to a low nitrogen environment than the wild type. Our results provide maize genetic resources and a new direction for a further understanding of maize response to low nitrogen stress. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9030517 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90305172022-04-23 Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Two Contrasting Maize Hybrids’ Responses to Low Nitrogen Stress at the Twelve Leaf Stage and Function Verification of ZmTGA Gene Wang, Yafei Wang, Nan Liu, Songtao Dong, Anyi Zenda, Tinashe Liu, Xinyue Li, Jiao Duan, Huijun Genes (Basel) Article Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth and development. However, large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer not only increase the production costs, but also lead to serious environmental problems. Therefore, it is particularly important to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer and develop maize varieties with low nitrogen tolerance. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and proteomic alterations of maize affected by nitrogen deficiency and to elucidate the molecular and physiological mechanisms underpinning maize tolerance to low nitrogen. Two maize hybrids with contrasting low nitrogen tolerance were used as the experimental materials. Maize plants were grown under different nitrogen application levels (N0 and N240) and proteomic analysis performed to analyze leaf differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) under different nitrogen conditions. The results showed that under the nitrogen deficiency condition, the nitrogen content, leaf dry weight, leaf area, and leaf area index of XY335 decreased by 15.58%, 8.83%, 3.44%, and 3.44%, respectively. However, in the variety HN138, the same parameters decreased by 56.94%, 11.97%, 8.79%, and 8.79%, respectively. Through proteomic analysis, we found that the low nitrogen tolerance variety responded to low nitrogen stress through lignin biosynthesis, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and stress defense proteins. Transmembrane transporters were differentially expressed in both hybrids after low nitrogen treatment, suggesting that this was a common response to low nitrogen stress. Using bioinformatics analysis, we selected the key candidate gene (ZmTGA) that was assumed to respond to low nitrogen stress, and its function was characterized by maize mutants. The results showed that when compared with normal nitrogen treatment, the root length of the mutants under low nitrogen treatment increased by 10.1%, while that of the wild-type increased by 14.8%; the root surface area of the wild type under low nitrogen treatment increased by 9.6%, while that of the mutants decreased by 5.2%; the root surface area of the wild type was higher than that of the mutant at both nitrogen levels; and the activities of glutathione and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes in the mutant were lower than those in the wild-type under low nitrogen treatment. In summary, the mutant was less adaptable to a low nitrogen environment than the wild type. Our results provide maize genetic resources and a new direction for a further understanding of maize response to low nitrogen stress. MDPI 2022-04-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9030517/ /pubmed/35456476 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13040670 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wang, Yafei Wang, Nan Liu, Songtao Dong, Anyi Zenda, Tinashe Liu, Xinyue Li, Jiao Duan, Huijun Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Two Contrasting Maize Hybrids’ Responses to Low Nitrogen Stress at the Twelve Leaf Stage and Function Verification of ZmTGA Gene |
title | Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Two Contrasting Maize Hybrids’ Responses to Low Nitrogen Stress at the Twelve Leaf Stage and Function Verification of ZmTGA Gene |
title_full | Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Two Contrasting Maize Hybrids’ Responses to Low Nitrogen Stress at the Twelve Leaf Stage and Function Verification of ZmTGA Gene |
title_fullStr | Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Two Contrasting Maize Hybrids’ Responses to Low Nitrogen Stress at the Twelve Leaf Stage and Function Verification of ZmTGA Gene |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Two Contrasting Maize Hybrids’ Responses to Low Nitrogen Stress at the Twelve Leaf Stage and Function Verification of ZmTGA Gene |
title_short | Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Two Contrasting Maize Hybrids’ Responses to Low Nitrogen Stress at the Twelve Leaf Stage and Function Verification of ZmTGA Gene |
title_sort | comparative proteomic analysis of two contrasting maize hybrids’ responses to low nitrogen stress at the twelve leaf stage and function verification of zmtga gene |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9030517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35456476 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13040670 |
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