Gene Cloning, Tissue Expression Profiles and Antiviral Activities of Interferon-β from Two Chinese Miniature Pig Breeds

The porcine interferon (PoIFN) complex represents an ideal model for studying IFN evolution which has resulted from viral pressure during domestication. Bama and Banna miniature pigs are the two Chinese miniature pig breeds that have been developed as laboratory animal models for studying virus infection, pathogenesis, and vaccine evaluation. However, the PoIFN complex of such miniature pig breeds remains to be studied. In the present study, we cloned PoIFN-β genes from Bama and Banna miniature pigs, detected their PoIFN-β tissue expression profiles, prepared recombinant PoIFN-β (rPoIFN-β) using the E. coli expression system, and measured their antiviral activities against three different pig viruses. At the amino acid sequence level, PoIFN-βs of the two miniature pig breeds were identical, which shared 100% identity with that of Congjiang Xiang pigs, 99.4–100% identity with that of domestic pigs, and 99.5% identity with that of three species of African wild boars. The tissue expression profiles of PoIFN-β mRNA differed not only between the two miniature pig breeds but between miniature pigs and domestic pigs as well. The four promoter domains of PoIFN-β of the two miniature pig breeds were identical with that of humans, domestic pigs, and three species of African wild boars. The recombinant PoIFN-β prepared from the two miniature pig breeds showed dose-dependent pre-infection and post-infection antiviral activities against vesicular stomatitis virus, porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, and pig pseudorabies virus. This study provided evidence for the high sequence conservation of PoIFN-β genes within the Suidae family with different tissue expression profiles and antiviral activities.