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Kappa Free Light Chains in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Neurological Diseases

Background: Oligoclonal bands represent intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) synthesis and play an important role in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Kappa free light chains (KFLC) are increasingly recognized as an additional biomarker for intrathecal Ig synthesis. However, there are limited...

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Autores principales: Konen, Franz Felix, Schwenkenbecher, Philipp, Jendretzky, Konstantin Fritz, Gingele, Stefan, Witte, Torsten, Sühs, Kurt-Wolfram, Grothe, Matthias, Hannich, Malte Johannes, Süße, Marie, Skripuletz, Thomas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9030640/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35448006
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12040475
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author Konen, Franz Felix
Schwenkenbecher, Philipp
Jendretzky, Konstantin Fritz
Gingele, Stefan
Witte, Torsten
Sühs, Kurt-Wolfram
Grothe, Matthias
Hannich, Malte Johannes
Süße, Marie
Skripuletz, Thomas
author_facet Konen, Franz Felix
Schwenkenbecher, Philipp
Jendretzky, Konstantin Fritz
Gingele, Stefan
Witte, Torsten
Sühs, Kurt-Wolfram
Grothe, Matthias
Hannich, Malte Johannes
Süße, Marie
Skripuletz, Thomas
author_sort Konen, Franz Felix
collection PubMed
description Background: Oligoclonal bands represent intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) synthesis and play an important role in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Kappa free light chains (KFLC) are increasingly recognized as an additional biomarker for intrathecal Ig synthesis. However, there are limited data on KFLC in neurological diseases other than MS. Methods: This study, conducted at two centers, retrospectively enrolled 346 non-MS patients. A total of 182 patients were diagnosed with non-inflammatory and 84 with inflammatory neurological diseases other than MS. A further 80 patients were classified as symptomatic controls. Intrathecal KFLC production was determined using different approaches: KFLC index, Reiber’s diagram, Presslauer’s exponential curve, and Senel’s linear curve. Results: Matching results of oligoclonal bands and KFLC (Reiber’s diagram) were frequently observed (93%). The Reiber’s diagram for KFLC detected intrathecal KFLC synthesis in an additional 7% of the patient samples investigated (4% non-inflammatory; 3% inflammatory), which was not found by oligoclonal band detection. Conclusions: The determination of both biomarkers (KFLC and oligoclonal bands) is recommended for routine diagnosis and differentiation of non-inflammatory and inflammatory neurological diseases. Due to the high sensitivity and physiological considerations, the assessment of KFLC in the Reiber’s diagram should be preferred to other evaluation methods.
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spelling pubmed-90306402022-04-23 Kappa Free Light Chains in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Neurological Diseases Konen, Franz Felix Schwenkenbecher, Philipp Jendretzky, Konstantin Fritz Gingele, Stefan Witte, Torsten Sühs, Kurt-Wolfram Grothe, Matthias Hannich, Malte Johannes Süße, Marie Skripuletz, Thomas Brain Sci Article Background: Oligoclonal bands represent intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) synthesis and play an important role in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Kappa free light chains (KFLC) are increasingly recognized as an additional biomarker for intrathecal Ig synthesis. However, there are limited data on KFLC in neurological diseases other than MS. Methods: This study, conducted at two centers, retrospectively enrolled 346 non-MS patients. A total of 182 patients were diagnosed with non-inflammatory and 84 with inflammatory neurological diseases other than MS. A further 80 patients were classified as symptomatic controls. Intrathecal KFLC production was determined using different approaches: KFLC index, Reiber’s diagram, Presslauer’s exponential curve, and Senel’s linear curve. Results: Matching results of oligoclonal bands and KFLC (Reiber’s diagram) were frequently observed (93%). The Reiber’s diagram for KFLC detected intrathecal KFLC synthesis in an additional 7% of the patient samples investigated (4% non-inflammatory; 3% inflammatory), which was not found by oligoclonal band detection. Conclusions: The determination of both biomarkers (KFLC and oligoclonal bands) is recommended for routine diagnosis and differentiation of non-inflammatory and inflammatory neurological diseases. Due to the high sensitivity and physiological considerations, the assessment of KFLC in the Reiber’s diagram should be preferred to other evaluation methods. MDPI 2022-04-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9030640/ /pubmed/35448006 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12040475 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Konen, Franz Felix
Schwenkenbecher, Philipp
Jendretzky, Konstantin Fritz
Gingele, Stefan
Witte, Torsten
Sühs, Kurt-Wolfram
Grothe, Matthias
Hannich, Malte Johannes
Süße, Marie
Skripuletz, Thomas
Kappa Free Light Chains in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Neurological Diseases
title Kappa Free Light Chains in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Neurological Diseases
title_full Kappa Free Light Chains in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Neurological Diseases
title_fullStr Kappa Free Light Chains in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Neurological Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Kappa Free Light Chains in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Neurological Diseases
title_short Kappa Free Light Chains in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Neurological Diseases
title_sort kappa free light chains in cerebrospinal fluid in inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological diseases
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9030640/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35448006
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12040475
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