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Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fitness and Resistance Stability to Diamide and Pyrethroid Insecticides in the United States

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Spodoptera exigua is a polyphagous pest, commonly known as beet armyworm. This pest is distributed worldwide and causes yield reduction in a variety of crops. Chemical control using synthetic insecticides is the primary strategy to manage beet armyworm. In the United States, beet arm...

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Autores principales: Rabelo, Marcelo M., Santos, Izailda B., Paula-Moraes, Silvana V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9030708/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35447807
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13040365
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author Rabelo, Marcelo M.
Santos, Izailda B.
Paula-Moraes, Silvana V.
author_facet Rabelo, Marcelo M.
Santos, Izailda B.
Paula-Moraes, Silvana V.
author_sort Rabelo, Marcelo M.
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Spodoptera exigua is a polyphagous pest, commonly known as beet armyworm. This pest is distributed worldwide and causes yield reduction in a variety of crops. Chemical control using synthetic insecticides is the primary strategy to manage beet armyworm. In the United States, beet armyworm resistance to both chlorantraniliprole and bifenthrin insecticides was first reported in 2020. Here we examined beet armyworm fitness and stability of resistance to chlorantraniliprole and pyrethroid insecticides, since knowledge of the stability of resistance is a crucial aspect when recommending rotation of insecticides with different mode of action. Our results have indicated no decrease in bifenthrin resistance for at least a three-year period (i.e., 27 generations) when insecticide exposure was suspended. However, susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole dropped approximately 160-fold through this three-year period. Our results indicate that beet armyworm resistance to bifenthrin is stable, but unstable to chlorantraniliprole. Unstable resistance can be successfully managed at field level by switching off the selection pressure with replacement of the insecticide other than a pyrethroid. ABSTRACT: In the United States, beet armyworm resistance to both chlorantraniliprole and bifenthrin insecticides was first reported in 2020. Here we examined beet armyworm fitness and stability of resistance to chlorantraniliprole and pyrethroid insecticides since knowledge of the stability of resistance is a crucial aspect when recommending rotation of insecticides with different mode of action. Concentration-mortality bioassays were performed with field and laboratory susceptible populations. The F2, F13, and F27 generations of the field-derived population, maintained in the laboratory without insecticide, were exposed to commercial formulations of bifenthrin and chlorantraniliprole using the leaf-dip bioassay method (IRAC n. 007). Insects from F27 had the fitness components (survival, body weight, development time) documented and compared by LSM in each insecticide concentration tested. The resistance ratio to chlorantraniliprole reached 629, 80, 15-fold at F2, F13, and F27, respectively. These results contrast with an over 1000-fold resistance ratio to bifenthrin in all generations. The field-derived population had fitness reduced by chlorantraniliprole, but not by bifenthrin. In summary, the resistance of beet armyworm to bifenthrin was stable with no shift in fitness. In contrast, resistance to chlorantraniliprole was not stable through the generations kept in the laboratory without selection pressure, likely due to fitness cost.
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spelling pubmed-90307082022-04-23 Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fitness and Resistance Stability to Diamide and Pyrethroid Insecticides in the United States Rabelo, Marcelo M. Santos, Izailda B. Paula-Moraes, Silvana V. Insects Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Spodoptera exigua is a polyphagous pest, commonly known as beet armyworm. This pest is distributed worldwide and causes yield reduction in a variety of crops. Chemical control using synthetic insecticides is the primary strategy to manage beet armyworm. In the United States, beet armyworm resistance to both chlorantraniliprole and bifenthrin insecticides was first reported in 2020. Here we examined beet armyworm fitness and stability of resistance to chlorantraniliprole and pyrethroid insecticides, since knowledge of the stability of resistance is a crucial aspect when recommending rotation of insecticides with different mode of action. Our results have indicated no decrease in bifenthrin resistance for at least a three-year period (i.e., 27 generations) when insecticide exposure was suspended. However, susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole dropped approximately 160-fold through this three-year period. Our results indicate that beet armyworm resistance to bifenthrin is stable, but unstable to chlorantraniliprole. Unstable resistance can be successfully managed at field level by switching off the selection pressure with replacement of the insecticide other than a pyrethroid. ABSTRACT: In the United States, beet armyworm resistance to both chlorantraniliprole and bifenthrin insecticides was first reported in 2020. Here we examined beet armyworm fitness and stability of resistance to chlorantraniliprole and pyrethroid insecticides since knowledge of the stability of resistance is a crucial aspect when recommending rotation of insecticides with different mode of action. Concentration-mortality bioassays were performed with field and laboratory susceptible populations. The F2, F13, and F27 generations of the field-derived population, maintained in the laboratory without insecticide, were exposed to commercial formulations of bifenthrin and chlorantraniliprole using the leaf-dip bioassay method (IRAC n. 007). Insects from F27 had the fitness components (survival, body weight, development time) documented and compared by LSM in each insecticide concentration tested. The resistance ratio to chlorantraniliprole reached 629, 80, 15-fold at F2, F13, and F27, respectively. These results contrast with an over 1000-fold resistance ratio to bifenthrin in all generations. The field-derived population had fitness reduced by chlorantraniliprole, but not by bifenthrin. In summary, the resistance of beet armyworm to bifenthrin was stable with no shift in fitness. In contrast, resistance to chlorantraniliprole was not stable through the generations kept in the laboratory without selection pressure, likely due to fitness cost. MDPI 2022-04-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9030708/ /pubmed/35447807 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13040365 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Rabelo, Marcelo M.
Santos, Izailda B.
Paula-Moraes, Silvana V.
Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fitness and Resistance Stability to Diamide and Pyrethroid Insecticides in the United States
title Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fitness and Resistance Stability to Diamide and Pyrethroid Insecticides in the United States
title_full Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fitness and Resistance Stability to Diamide and Pyrethroid Insecticides in the United States
title_fullStr Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fitness and Resistance Stability to Diamide and Pyrethroid Insecticides in the United States
title_full_unstemmed Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fitness and Resistance Stability to Diamide and Pyrethroid Insecticides in the United States
title_short Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fitness and Resistance Stability to Diamide and Pyrethroid Insecticides in the United States
title_sort spodoptera exigua (hubner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) fitness and resistance stability to diamide and pyrethroid insecticides in the united states
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9030708/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35447807
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13040365
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