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Benefits from Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation

Stroke is an acute neurovascular central nervous system (CNS) injury and one of the main causes of long-term disability and mortality. Post-stroke rehabilitation as part of recovery is focused on relearning lost skills and regaining independence as much as possible. Many novel strategies in neuroreh...

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Autores principales: Starosta, Michał, Cichoń, Natalia, Saluk-Bijak, Joanna, Miller, Elżbieta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9030945/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35456245
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11082149
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author Starosta, Michał
Cichoń, Natalia
Saluk-Bijak, Joanna
Miller, Elżbieta
author_facet Starosta, Michał
Cichoń, Natalia
Saluk-Bijak, Joanna
Miller, Elżbieta
author_sort Starosta, Michał
collection PubMed
description Stroke is an acute neurovascular central nervous system (CNS) injury and one of the main causes of long-term disability and mortality. Post-stroke rehabilitation as part of recovery is focused on relearning lost skills and regaining independence as much as possible. Many novel strategies in neurorehabilitation have been introduced. This review focuses on current evidence of the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), in post-stroke rehabilitation. Moreover, we present the effects of specific interventions, such as low-frequency or high-frequency rTMS therapy, on motor function, cognitive function, depression, and aphasia in post-stroke patients. Collected data suggest that high-frequency stimulation (5 Hz and beyond) produces an increase in cortical excitability, whereas low-frequency stimulation (≤1 Hz) decreases cortical excitability. Accumulated data suggest that rTMS is safe and can be used to modulate cortical excitability, which may improve overall performance. Side effects such as tingling sensation on the skin of the skull or headache are possible. Serious side effects such as epileptic seizures can be avoided by adhering to international safety guidelines. We reviewed clinical studies that present promising results in general recovery and stimulating neuroplasticity. This article is an overview of the current rTMS state of knowledge related to benefits in stroke, as well as its cellular and molecular mechanisms. In the stroke rehabilitation literature, there is a key methodological problem of creating double-blinding studies, which are very often impossible to conduct.
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spelling pubmed-90309452022-04-23 Benefits from Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Starosta, Michał Cichoń, Natalia Saluk-Bijak, Joanna Miller, Elżbieta J Clin Med Review Stroke is an acute neurovascular central nervous system (CNS) injury and one of the main causes of long-term disability and mortality. Post-stroke rehabilitation as part of recovery is focused on relearning lost skills and regaining independence as much as possible. Many novel strategies in neurorehabilitation have been introduced. This review focuses on current evidence of the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), in post-stroke rehabilitation. Moreover, we present the effects of specific interventions, such as low-frequency or high-frequency rTMS therapy, on motor function, cognitive function, depression, and aphasia in post-stroke patients. Collected data suggest that high-frequency stimulation (5 Hz and beyond) produces an increase in cortical excitability, whereas low-frequency stimulation (≤1 Hz) decreases cortical excitability. Accumulated data suggest that rTMS is safe and can be used to modulate cortical excitability, which may improve overall performance. Side effects such as tingling sensation on the skin of the skull or headache are possible. Serious side effects such as epileptic seizures can be avoided by adhering to international safety guidelines. We reviewed clinical studies that present promising results in general recovery and stimulating neuroplasticity. This article is an overview of the current rTMS state of knowledge related to benefits in stroke, as well as its cellular and molecular mechanisms. In the stroke rehabilitation literature, there is a key methodological problem of creating double-blinding studies, which are very often impossible to conduct. MDPI 2022-04-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9030945/ /pubmed/35456245 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11082149 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Starosta, Michał
Cichoń, Natalia
Saluk-Bijak, Joanna
Miller, Elżbieta
Benefits from Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation
title Benefits from Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation
title_full Benefits from Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation
title_fullStr Benefits from Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation
title_full_unstemmed Benefits from Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation
title_short Benefits from Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation
title_sort benefits from repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in post-stroke rehabilitation
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9030945/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35456245
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11082149
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