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Novel Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H6N1 in Backyard Chicken in Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Chilean Polynesia

Little is known about the prevalence of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wildlife and domestic animals in Polynesia. Here, we present the results of active AIV surveillance performed during two sampling seasons in 2019 on Easter Island (Rapa Nui). Tracheal and cloacal swabs as well as sera samples w...

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Autores principales: Di Pillo, Francisca, Baumberger, Cecilia, Salazar, Carla, Galdames, Pablo, Ruiz, Soledad, Sharp, Bridgett, Freiden, Pamela, Tan, Shaoyuan, Schultz-Cherry, Stacey, Hamilton-West, Christopher, Jimenez-Bluhm, Pedro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9031230/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35458448
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040718
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author Di Pillo, Francisca
Baumberger, Cecilia
Salazar, Carla
Galdames, Pablo
Ruiz, Soledad
Sharp, Bridgett
Freiden, Pamela
Tan, Shaoyuan
Schultz-Cherry, Stacey
Hamilton-West, Christopher
Jimenez-Bluhm, Pedro
author_facet Di Pillo, Francisca
Baumberger, Cecilia
Salazar, Carla
Galdames, Pablo
Ruiz, Soledad
Sharp, Bridgett
Freiden, Pamela
Tan, Shaoyuan
Schultz-Cherry, Stacey
Hamilton-West, Christopher
Jimenez-Bluhm, Pedro
author_sort Di Pillo, Francisca
collection PubMed
description Little is known about the prevalence of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wildlife and domestic animals in Polynesia. Here, we present the results of active AIV surveillance performed during two sampling seasons in 2019 on Easter Island (Rapa Nui). Tracheal and cloacal swabs as well as sera samples were obtained from domestic backyard poultry, while fresh faeces were collected from wild birds. In addition to detecting antibodies against AIV in 46% of the domestic chickens in backyard production systems tested, we isolated a novel low pathogenic H6N1 virus from a chicken. Phylogenetic analysis of all genetic segments revealed that the virus was closely related to AIV’s circulating in South America. Our analysis showed different geographical origins of the genetic segments, with the PA, HA, NA, NP, and MP gene segments coming from central Chile and the PB2, PB1, and NS being closely related to viruses isolated in Argentina. While the route of introduction can only be speculated, our analysis shows the persistence and independent evolution of this strain in the island since its putative introduction between 2015 and 2016. The results of this research are the first evidence of AIV circulation in domestic birds on a Polynesian island and increase our understanding of AIV ecology in region, warranting further surveillance on Rapa Nui and beyond.
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spelling pubmed-90312302022-04-23 Novel Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H6N1 in Backyard Chicken in Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Chilean Polynesia Di Pillo, Francisca Baumberger, Cecilia Salazar, Carla Galdames, Pablo Ruiz, Soledad Sharp, Bridgett Freiden, Pamela Tan, Shaoyuan Schultz-Cherry, Stacey Hamilton-West, Christopher Jimenez-Bluhm, Pedro Viruses Article Little is known about the prevalence of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wildlife and domestic animals in Polynesia. Here, we present the results of active AIV surveillance performed during two sampling seasons in 2019 on Easter Island (Rapa Nui). Tracheal and cloacal swabs as well as sera samples were obtained from domestic backyard poultry, while fresh faeces were collected from wild birds. In addition to detecting antibodies against AIV in 46% of the domestic chickens in backyard production systems tested, we isolated a novel low pathogenic H6N1 virus from a chicken. Phylogenetic analysis of all genetic segments revealed that the virus was closely related to AIV’s circulating in South America. Our analysis showed different geographical origins of the genetic segments, with the PA, HA, NA, NP, and MP gene segments coming from central Chile and the PB2, PB1, and NS being closely related to viruses isolated in Argentina. While the route of introduction can only be speculated, our analysis shows the persistence and independent evolution of this strain in the island since its putative introduction between 2015 and 2016. The results of this research are the first evidence of AIV circulation in domestic birds on a Polynesian island and increase our understanding of AIV ecology in region, warranting further surveillance on Rapa Nui and beyond. MDPI 2022-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9031230/ /pubmed/35458448 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040718 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Di Pillo, Francisca
Baumberger, Cecilia
Salazar, Carla
Galdames, Pablo
Ruiz, Soledad
Sharp, Bridgett
Freiden, Pamela
Tan, Shaoyuan
Schultz-Cherry, Stacey
Hamilton-West, Christopher
Jimenez-Bluhm, Pedro
Novel Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H6N1 in Backyard Chicken in Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Chilean Polynesia
title Novel Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H6N1 in Backyard Chicken in Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Chilean Polynesia
title_full Novel Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H6N1 in Backyard Chicken in Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Chilean Polynesia
title_fullStr Novel Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H6N1 in Backyard Chicken in Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Chilean Polynesia
title_full_unstemmed Novel Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H6N1 in Backyard Chicken in Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Chilean Polynesia
title_short Novel Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H6N1 in Backyard Chicken in Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Chilean Polynesia
title_sort novel low pathogenic avian influenza h6n1 in backyard chicken in easter island (rapa nui), chilean polynesia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9031230/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35458448
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040718
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