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Circulating Nucleic Acids as Novel Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a particularly aggressive and deadly cancer, primarily due to failure to identify early-stage disease. PDAC is often diagnosed at a late stage due to nonspecific symptoms, and a distinct lack of reliable biomarkers for timely diagnosis. Curr...

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Autores principales: McGowan, Ryan, Sally, Áine, McCabe, Anthony, Moran, Brian Michael, Finn, Karen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9031361/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35454933
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14082027
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author McGowan, Ryan
Sally, Áine
McCabe, Anthony
Moran, Brian Michael
Finn, Karen
author_facet McGowan, Ryan
Sally, Áine
McCabe, Anthony
Moran, Brian Michael
Finn, Karen
author_sort McGowan, Ryan
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a particularly aggressive and deadly cancer, primarily due to failure to identify early-stage disease. PDAC is often diagnosed at a late stage due to nonspecific symptoms, and a distinct lack of reliable biomarkers for timely diagnosis. Current PDAC biomarkers are inadequate for the monitoring of a patient’s response to treatment. The aim of this review is to highlight the potential use of circulating nucleic acid-based biomarkers, along with technology facilitating their detection, in liquid biopsies. These biomarkers primarily focus on the detection of PDAC-specific genetic mutations, both freely circulating and contained within exosomes. ABSTRACT: Despite considerable advancements in the clinical management of PDAC it remains a significant cause of mortality. PDAC is often diagnosed at advanced stages due to vague symptoms associated with early-stage disease and a lack of reliable diagnostic biomarkers. Late diagnosis results in a high proportion of cases being ineligible for surgical resection, the only potentially curative therapy for PDAC. Furthermore, a lack of prognostic biomarkers impedes clinician’s ability to properly assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Advances in our ability to detect circulating nucleic acids allows for the advent of novel biomarkers for PDAC. Tumor derived circulating and exosomal nucleic acids allow for the detection of PDAC-specific mutations through a non-invasive blood sample. Such biomarkers could expand upon the currently limited repertoire of tests available. This review outlines recent developments in the use of molecular techniques for the detection of these nucleic acids and their potential roles, alongside current techniques, in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic governance of PDAC.
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spelling pubmed-90313612022-04-23 Circulating Nucleic Acids as Novel Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma McGowan, Ryan Sally, Áine McCabe, Anthony Moran, Brian Michael Finn, Karen Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a particularly aggressive and deadly cancer, primarily due to failure to identify early-stage disease. PDAC is often diagnosed at a late stage due to nonspecific symptoms, and a distinct lack of reliable biomarkers for timely diagnosis. Current PDAC biomarkers are inadequate for the monitoring of a patient’s response to treatment. The aim of this review is to highlight the potential use of circulating nucleic acid-based biomarkers, along with technology facilitating their detection, in liquid biopsies. These biomarkers primarily focus on the detection of PDAC-specific genetic mutations, both freely circulating and contained within exosomes. ABSTRACT: Despite considerable advancements in the clinical management of PDAC it remains a significant cause of mortality. PDAC is often diagnosed at advanced stages due to vague symptoms associated with early-stage disease and a lack of reliable diagnostic biomarkers. Late diagnosis results in a high proportion of cases being ineligible for surgical resection, the only potentially curative therapy for PDAC. Furthermore, a lack of prognostic biomarkers impedes clinician’s ability to properly assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Advances in our ability to detect circulating nucleic acids allows for the advent of novel biomarkers for PDAC. Tumor derived circulating and exosomal nucleic acids allow for the detection of PDAC-specific mutations through a non-invasive blood sample. Such biomarkers could expand upon the currently limited repertoire of tests available. This review outlines recent developments in the use of molecular techniques for the detection of these nucleic acids and their potential roles, alongside current techniques, in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic governance of PDAC. MDPI 2022-04-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9031361/ /pubmed/35454933 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14082027 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
McGowan, Ryan
Sally, Áine
McCabe, Anthony
Moran, Brian Michael
Finn, Karen
Circulating Nucleic Acids as Novel Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
title Circulating Nucleic Acids as Novel Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
title_full Circulating Nucleic Acids as Novel Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
title_fullStr Circulating Nucleic Acids as Novel Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
title_full_unstemmed Circulating Nucleic Acids as Novel Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
title_short Circulating Nucleic Acids as Novel Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
title_sort circulating nucleic acids as novel biomarkers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9031361/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35454933
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14082027
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