Synthesis of TiO(2)–Ag(3)PO(4) photocatalyst material with high adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity: application in the removal of dyes and pesticides

The photocatalytic activity of TiO(2) can be enhanced by coupling it with other semiconductors and the semiconductor composites may find useful application in water treatment technologies. TiO(2)–Ag(3)PO(4) composites were synthesized and characterized with XRD, SEM-EDX and DRS. The synthesized TiO(2)–Ag(3)PO(4) showed high photocatalytic activity in the presence UV-vis light on rhodamine B, methylene blue and the pesticides imidacloprid, atrazine and pyrimethanil. LC-MS analysis of the photodegraded pyrimethanil led to the identification of hydroxylated and aliphatic derivatives of pyrimethanil. The photocatalytic activity of the coupled semiconductor was higher than that of the bare TiO(2) and Ag(3)PO(4) and this was attributed to the unique band matching between TiO(2) and Ag(3)PO(4) which resulted in efficient charge separation and subsequent reduction in the electron–hole recombination. In addition, the synthesized TiO(2)–Ag(3)PO(4) showed strong adsorption for water soluble dyes implying that TiO(2)–Ag(3)PO(4) can remove pollutants through photocatalysis and adsorption. The results from the study showed the potential application of TiO(2)–Ag(3)PO(4) composite in water treatment technologies.