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Ostarine-Induced Myogenic Differentiation in C2C12, L6, and Rat Muscles
Ostarine (also known as enobosarm or Gtx-024) belongs to the selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). It is a substance with an aryl-propionamide structure, classified as a non-steroidal compound that is not subjected to the typical steroid transformations of aromatization and reduction by α5...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9031805/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35457222 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084404 |
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author | Leciejewska, Natalia Kołodziejski, Paweł A. Sassek, Maciej Nogowski, Leszek Małek, Emilian Pruszyńska-Oszmałek, Ewa |
author_facet | Leciejewska, Natalia Kołodziejski, Paweł A. Sassek, Maciej Nogowski, Leszek Małek, Emilian Pruszyńska-Oszmałek, Ewa |
author_sort | Leciejewska, Natalia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ostarine (also known as enobosarm or Gtx-024) belongs to the selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). It is a substance with an aryl-propionamide structure, classified as a non-steroidal compound that is not subjected to the typical steroid transformations of aromatization and reduction by α5 reductase. Despite ongoing research on ostarine, knowledge about it is still limited. Earlier studies indicated that ostarine may affect the metabolism of muscle tissue, but this mechanism has not been yet described. We aimed to investigate the effect of ostarine on the differentiation and metabolism of muscle. Using C2C12 and L6 cells, as well as muscles obtained from rats administered ostarine, we showed that ostarine stimulates C2C12 and L6 proliferation and cell viability and that this effect is mediated by androgen receptor (AR) and ERK1/2 kinase activation (p < 0.01). We also found that ostarine stimulates muscle cell differentiation by increasing myogenin, MyoD, and MyH expression in both types of cells (p < 0.01). Moreover, pharmacological blocking of AR inhibits the stimulatory effect of ostarine. We further demonstrated that 30 days of ostarine administration increases myogenin, MyoD, and MyH expression, as well as muscle mass, in rats (p < 0.01). Based on our research, we conclude that ostarine stimulates muscle tissue proliferation and differentiation via the androgen receptor. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9031805 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90318052022-04-23 Ostarine-Induced Myogenic Differentiation in C2C12, L6, and Rat Muscles Leciejewska, Natalia Kołodziejski, Paweł A. Sassek, Maciej Nogowski, Leszek Małek, Emilian Pruszyńska-Oszmałek, Ewa Int J Mol Sci Article Ostarine (also known as enobosarm or Gtx-024) belongs to the selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). It is a substance with an aryl-propionamide structure, classified as a non-steroidal compound that is not subjected to the typical steroid transformations of aromatization and reduction by α5 reductase. Despite ongoing research on ostarine, knowledge about it is still limited. Earlier studies indicated that ostarine may affect the metabolism of muscle tissue, but this mechanism has not been yet described. We aimed to investigate the effect of ostarine on the differentiation and metabolism of muscle. Using C2C12 and L6 cells, as well as muscles obtained from rats administered ostarine, we showed that ostarine stimulates C2C12 and L6 proliferation and cell viability and that this effect is mediated by androgen receptor (AR) and ERK1/2 kinase activation (p < 0.01). We also found that ostarine stimulates muscle cell differentiation by increasing myogenin, MyoD, and MyH expression in both types of cells (p < 0.01). Moreover, pharmacological blocking of AR inhibits the stimulatory effect of ostarine. We further demonstrated that 30 days of ostarine administration increases myogenin, MyoD, and MyH expression, as well as muscle mass, in rats (p < 0.01). Based on our research, we conclude that ostarine stimulates muscle tissue proliferation and differentiation via the androgen receptor. MDPI 2022-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9031805/ /pubmed/35457222 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084404 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Leciejewska, Natalia Kołodziejski, Paweł A. Sassek, Maciej Nogowski, Leszek Małek, Emilian Pruszyńska-Oszmałek, Ewa Ostarine-Induced Myogenic Differentiation in C2C12, L6, and Rat Muscles |
title | Ostarine-Induced Myogenic Differentiation in C2C12, L6, and Rat Muscles |
title_full | Ostarine-Induced Myogenic Differentiation in C2C12, L6, and Rat Muscles |
title_fullStr | Ostarine-Induced Myogenic Differentiation in C2C12, L6, and Rat Muscles |
title_full_unstemmed | Ostarine-Induced Myogenic Differentiation in C2C12, L6, and Rat Muscles |
title_short | Ostarine-Induced Myogenic Differentiation in C2C12, L6, and Rat Muscles |
title_sort | ostarine-induced myogenic differentiation in c2c12, l6, and rat muscles |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9031805/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35457222 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084404 |
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