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Isolation and Characterization of Two Pseudorabies Virus and Evaluation of Their Effects on Host Natural Immune Responses and Pathogenicity

Pseudorabies, caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV), is an acute fatal disease, which can infect rodents, mammals, and other livestock and wild animals across species. Recently, the emergence of PRV virulent isolates indicates a high risk of a variant PRV epidemic and the need for continuous survei...

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Autores principales: Zhou, Qiongqiong, Zhang, Longfeng, Liu, Hongyang, Ye, Guangqiang, Huang, Li, Weng, Changjiang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9032386/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35458442
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040712
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author Zhou, Qiongqiong
Zhang, Longfeng
Liu, Hongyang
Ye, Guangqiang
Huang, Li
Weng, Changjiang
author_facet Zhou, Qiongqiong
Zhang, Longfeng
Liu, Hongyang
Ye, Guangqiang
Huang, Li
Weng, Changjiang
author_sort Zhou, Qiongqiong
collection PubMed
description Pseudorabies, caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV), is an acute fatal disease, which can infect rodents, mammals, and other livestock and wild animals across species. Recently, the emergence of PRV virulent isolates indicates a high risk of a variant PRV epidemic and the need for continuous surveillance. In this study, PRV-GD and PRV-JM, two fatal PRV variants, were isolated and their pathogenicity as well as their effects on host natural immune responses were assessed. PRV-GD and PRV-JM were genetically closest to PRV variants currently circulating in Heilongjiang (HLJ8) and Jiangxi (JX/CH/2016), which belong to genotype 2.2. Consistently, antisera from sows immunized with PRV-Ea classical vaccination showed much lower neutralization ability to PRV-GD and PRV-JM. However, the antisera from the pigs infected with PRV-JM had an extremely higher neutralization ability to PRV-TJ (as a positive control), PRV-GD and PRV-JM. In vivo, PRV-GD and PRV-JM infections caused 100% death in mice and piglets and induced extensive tissue damage, cell death, and inflammatory cytokine release. Our analysis of the emergence of PRV variants indicate that pigs immunized with the classical PRV vaccine are incapable of providing sufficient protection against these PRV isolates, and there is a risk of continuous evolution and virulence enhancement. Efforts are still needed to conduct epidemiological monitoring for the PRV and to develop novel vaccines against this emerging and reemerging infectious disease.
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spelling pubmed-90323862022-04-23 Isolation and Characterization of Two Pseudorabies Virus and Evaluation of Their Effects on Host Natural Immune Responses and Pathogenicity Zhou, Qiongqiong Zhang, Longfeng Liu, Hongyang Ye, Guangqiang Huang, Li Weng, Changjiang Viruses Article Pseudorabies, caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV), is an acute fatal disease, which can infect rodents, mammals, and other livestock and wild animals across species. Recently, the emergence of PRV virulent isolates indicates a high risk of a variant PRV epidemic and the need for continuous surveillance. In this study, PRV-GD and PRV-JM, two fatal PRV variants, were isolated and their pathogenicity as well as their effects on host natural immune responses were assessed. PRV-GD and PRV-JM were genetically closest to PRV variants currently circulating in Heilongjiang (HLJ8) and Jiangxi (JX/CH/2016), which belong to genotype 2.2. Consistently, antisera from sows immunized with PRV-Ea classical vaccination showed much lower neutralization ability to PRV-GD and PRV-JM. However, the antisera from the pigs infected with PRV-JM had an extremely higher neutralization ability to PRV-TJ (as a positive control), PRV-GD and PRV-JM. In vivo, PRV-GD and PRV-JM infections caused 100% death in mice and piglets and induced extensive tissue damage, cell death, and inflammatory cytokine release. Our analysis of the emergence of PRV variants indicate that pigs immunized with the classical PRV vaccine are incapable of providing sufficient protection against these PRV isolates, and there is a risk of continuous evolution and virulence enhancement. Efforts are still needed to conduct epidemiological monitoring for the PRV and to develop novel vaccines against this emerging and reemerging infectious disease. MDPI 2022-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9032386/ /pubmed/35458442 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040712 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zhou, Qiongqiong
Zhang, Longfeng
Liu, Hongyang
Ye, Guangqiang
Huang, Li
Weng, Changjiang
Isolation and Characterization of Two Pseudorabies Virus and Evaluation of Their Effects on Host Natural Immune Responses and Pathogenicity
title Isolation and Characterization of Two Pseudorabies Virus and Evaluation of Their Effects on Host Natural Immune Responses and Pathogenicity
title_full Isolation and Characterization of Two Pseudorabies Virus and Evaluation of Their Effects on Host Natural Immune Responses and Pathogenicity
title_fullStr Isolation and Characterization of Two Pseudorabies Virus and Evaluation of Their Effects on Host Natural Immune Responses and Pathogenicity
title_full_unstemmed Isolation and Characterization of Two Pseudorabies Virus and Evaluation of Their Effects on Host Natural Immune Responses and Pathogenicity
title_short Isolation and Characterization of Two Pseudorabies Virus and Evaluation of Their Effects on Host Natural Immune Responses and Pathogenicity
title_sort isolation and characterization of two pseudorabies virus and evaluation of their effects on host natural immune responses and pathogenicity
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9032386/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35458442
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040712
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