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Evaluation of Coke Resistivity for the Manganese Alloy Market

The submerged arc furnace (SAF) has become the equipment of choice to produce manganese ferro-alloy. Furnace operators aim to reduce the cost of production by better understanding the role played by the various raw materials involved in the process. Coke is one of the key raw materials fed into the...

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Autores principales: Nhiwatiwa, Jonathan, Cromarty, Robert
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9032645/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35454590
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082897
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author Nhiwatiwa, Jonathan
Cromarty, Robert
author_facet Nhiwatiwa, Jonathan
Cromarty, Robert
author_sort Nhiwatiwa, Jonathan
collection PubMed
description The submerged arc furnace (SAF) has become the equipment of choice to produce manganese ferro-alloy. Furnace operators aim to reduce the cost of production by better understanding the role played by the various raw materials involved in the process. Coke is one of the key raw materials fed into the SAF; it plays three key roles in electric furnaces: as a reducing agent, as a source of carbon found in the alloy, and as a resistive element facilitating heat generation in the furnace. The heat generated plays two key functions in the furnace: ensuring both the metal and the slag have a sufficient low viscosity, and providing the heat required to support endothermic reactions. This study investigated the ambient-temperature and high-temperature resistivity characteristics of coke made from single-source coals. The measurement of coke resistivity was performed using the Kelvin (four-point) technique. The results showed a statistically significant difference in mean resistivity between cokes made from different coals. It was observed that coke resistivity generally decreased with increasing temperatures. Raman spectroscopy showed that the structural order of coke changes with increasing temperature.
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spelling pubmed-90326452022-04-23 Evaluation of Coke Resistivity for the Manganese Alloy Market Nhiwatiwa, Jonathan Cromarty, Robert Materials (Basel) Article The submerged arc furnace (SAF) has become the equipment of choice to produce manganese ferro-alloy. Furnace operators aim to reduce the cost of production by better understanding the role played by the various raw materials involved in the process. Coke is one of the key raw materials fed into the SAF; it plays three key roles in electric furnaces: as a reducing agent, as a source of carbon found in the alloy, and as a resistive element facilitating heat generation in the furnace. The heat generated plays two key functions in the furnace: ensuring both the metal and the slag have a sufficient low viscosity, and providing the heat required to support endothermic reactions. This study investigated the ambient-temperature and high-temperature resistivity characteristics of coke made from single-source coals. The measurement of coke resistivity was performed using the Kelvin (four-point) technique. The results showed a statistically significant difference in mean resistivity between cokes made from different coals. It was observed that coke resistivity generally decreased with increasing temperatures. Raman spectroscopy showed that the structural order of coke changes with increasing temperature. MDPI 2022-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9032645/ /pubmed/35454590 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082897 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Nhiwatiwa, Jonathan
Cromarty, Robert
Evaluation of Coke Resistivity for the Manganese Alloy Market
title Evaluation of Coke Resistivity for the Manganese Alloy Market
title_full Evaluation of Coke Resistivity for the Manganese Alloy Market
title_fullStr Evaluation of Coke Resistivity for the Manganese Alloy Market
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Coke Resistivity for the Manganese Alloy Market
title_short Evaluation of Coke Resistivity for the Manganese Alloy Market
title_sort evaluation of coke resistivity for the manganese alloy market
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9032645/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35454590
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082897
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