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Time to Consider the “Exposome Hypothesis” in the Development of the Obesity Pandemic

The obesity epidemic shows no signs of abatement. Genetics and overnutrition together with a dramatic decline in physical activity are the alleged main causes for this pandemic. While they undoubtedly represent the main contributors to the obesity problem, they are not able to fully explain all case...

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Autores principales: Catalán, Victoria, Avilés-Olmos, Iciar, Rodríguez, Amaia, Becerril, Sara, Fernández-Formoso, José Antonio, Kiortsis, Dimitrios, Portincasa, Piero, Gómez-Ambrosi, Javier, Frühbeck, Gema
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9032727/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35458158
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14081597
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author Catalán, Victoria
Avilés-Olmos, Iciar
Rodríguez, Amaia
Becerril, Sara
Fernández-Formoso, José Antonio
Kiortsis, Dimitrios
Portincasa, Piero
Gómez-Ambrosi, Javier
Frühbeck, Gema
author_facet Catalán, Victoria
Avilés-Olmos, Iciar
Rodríguez, Amaia
Becerril, Sara
Fernández-Formoso, José Antonio
Kiortsis, Dimitrios
Portincasa, Piero
Gómez-Ambrosi, Javier
Frühbeck, Gema
author_sort Catalán, Victoria
collection PubMed
description The obesity epidemic shows no signs of abatement. Genetics and overnutrition together with a dramatic decline in physical activity are the alleged main causes for this pandemic. While they undoubtedly represent the main contributors to the obesity problem, they are not able to fully explain all cases and current trends. In this context, a body of knowledge related to exposure to as yet underappreciated obesogenic factors, which can be referred to as the “exposome”, merits detailed analysis. Contrarily to the genome, the “exposome” is subject to a great dynamism and variability, which unfolds throughout the individual’s lifetime. The development of precise ways of capturing the full exposure spectrum of a person is extraordinarily demanding. Data derived from epidemiological studies linking excess weight with elevated ambient temperatures, in utero, and intergenerational effects as well as epigenetics, microorganisms, microbiota, sleep curtailment, and endocrine disruptors, among others, suggests the possibility that they may work alone or synergistically as several alternative putative contributors to this global epidemic. This narrative review reports the available evidence on as yet underappreciated drivers of the obesity epidemic. Broadly based interventions are needed to better identify these drivers at the same time as stimulating reflection on the potential relevance of the “exposome” in the development and perpetuation of the obesity epidemic.
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spelling pubmed-90327272022-04-23 Time to Consider the “Exposome Hypothesis” in the Development of the Obesity Pandemic Catalán, Victoria Avilés-Olmos, Iciar Rodríguez, Amaia Becerril, Sara Fernández-Formoso, José Antonio Kiortsis, Dimitrios Portincasa, Piero Gómez-Ambrosi, Javier Frühbeck, Gema Nutrients Review The obesity epidemic shows no signs of abatement. Genetics and overnutrition together with a dramatic decline in physical activity are the alleged main causes for this pandemic. While they undoubtedly represent the main contributors to the obesity problem, they are not able to fully explain all cases and current trends. In this context, a body of knowledge related to exposure to as yet underappreciated obesogenic factors, which can be referred to as the “exposome”, merits detailed analysis. Contrarily to the genome, the “exposome” is subject to a great dynamism and variability, which unfolds throughout the individual’s lifetime. The development of precise ways of capturing the full exposure spectrum of a person is extraordinarily demanding. Data derived from epidemiological studies linking excess weight with elevated ambient temperatures, in utero, and intergenerational effects as well as epigenetics, microorganisms, microbiota, sleep curtailment, and endocrine disruptors, among others, suggests the possibility that they may work alone or synergistically as several alternative putative contributors to this global epidemic. This narrative review reports the available evidence on as yet underappreciated drivers of the obesity epidemic. Broadly based interventions are needed to better identify these drivers at the same time as stimulating reflection on the potential relevance of the “exposome” in the development and perpetuation of the obesity epidemic. MDPI 2022-04-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9032727/ /pubmed/35458158 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14081597 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Catalán, Victoria
Avilés-Olmos, Iciar
Rodríguez, Amaia
Becerril, Sara
Fernández-Formoso, José Antonio
Kiortsis, Dimitrios
Portincasa, Piero
Gómez-Ambrosi, Javier
Frühbeck, Gema
Time to Consider the “Exposome Hypothesis” in the Development of the Obesity Pandemic
title Time to Consider the “Exposome Hypothesis” in the Development of the Obesity Pandemic
title_full Time to Consider the “Exposome Hypothesis” in the Development of the Obesity Pandemic
title_fullStr Time to Consider the “Exposome Hypothesis” in the Development of the Obesity Pandemic
title_full_unstemmed Time to Consider the “Exposome Hypothesis” in the Development of the Obesity Pandemic
title_short Time to Consider the “Exposome Hypothesis” in the Development of the Obesity Pandemic
title_sort time to consider the “exposome hypothesis” in the development of the obesity pandemic
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9032727/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35458158
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14081597
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