Impact of Medical Treatment of Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus on Cerebral and Renal Tissue Oxygenation Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Background and objective: Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) can cause ductal steal and contribute to poor outcomes in preterm infants. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows us to continuously evaluate regional tissue oxygenation (rSpO(2)) and perfusion changes in underlying organs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of medical treatment for hsPDA on cerebral and renal rSpO(2) in infants less than 32 weeks of gestational age, and older than 72 h of life. Materials and methods: Infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks with hsPDA were prospectively studied before and during medical treatment. Two-site (cerebral and renal) rSpO(2) monitoring by NIRS was performed 1 h before treatment (T0) and 24 h (T1), 24–48 h (T2), 48–72 h (T3) after the infusion of the first drug dose. Results: A total of 21 infants were studied. The mean day of life at treatment initiation was 8.2 (SD, 2.75). The DA diameter, LA/Ao ratio, and resistive index in the anterior cerebral artery (RI ACA) were significantly lower after treatment (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in cerebral rSpO(2), cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE), and SpO(2) comparing different time points. A significantly higher renal SpO(2) value was recorded at T2 as compared with T0 (75.0%, SD 4.9%, vs. 69.4%, SD 7.6%; p < 0.013), while for renal FTOE, a tendency to lower values at T2 was observed (0.18, SD 0.05, vs. 0.24, SD 0.09; p = 0.068). Conclusions: Late (later than 7 days postpartum) hsPDA medical treatment with paracetamol or ibuprofen completely closed the duct only in a small proportion of preterm infants, despite a statistically significant reduction in the DA diameter, LA/Ao ratio, and RI ACA. Continuous renal, not cerebral, NIRS measurements can help to anticipate the efficacy of medical treatment of hsPDA in preterm infants. Large-scale prospective studies are needed to ascertain that renal and cerebral NIRS can be used as a reliable tool for evaluating the effectiveness of medical treatment for hsPDA.