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Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Panton–Valentine Leukocidin-Positive ST22 Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Pakistan
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ST22 is considered a clinically important clone because an epidemic strain EMRSA-15 belongs to ST22, and several outbreaks of this clone have been documented worldwide. We performed genomic analysis of an S. aureus strain Lr2 ST22 from Pakistan and determined compar...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9033113/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35453247 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11040496 |
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author | Ullah, Nimat Nasir, Samavi Ishaq, Zaara Anwer, Farha Raza, Tanzeela Rahman, Moazur Alshammari, Abdulrahman Alharbi, Metab Bae, Taeok Rahman, Abdur Ali, Amjad |
author_facet | Ullah, Nimat Nasir, Samavi Ishaq, Zaara Anwer, Farha Raza, Tanzeela Rahman, Moazur Alshammari, Abdulrahman Alharbi, Metab Bae, Taeok Rahman, Abdur Ali, Amjad |
author_sort | Ullah, Nimat |
collection | PubMed |
description | Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ST22 is considered a clinically important clone because an epidemic strain EMRSA-15 belongs to ST22, and several outbreaks of this clone have been documented worldwide. We performed genomic analysis of an S. aureus strain Lr2 ST22 from Pakistan and determined comparative analysis with other ST22 strains. The genomic data show that Lr2 belongs to spa-type t2986 and harbors staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVa(2B), one complete plasmid, and seven prophages or prophage-like elements. The strain harbors several prophage-associated virulence factors, including Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST). The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs)-based phylogenetic relationship inferred from whole genome and core genome revealed that strain Lr2 exhibits the nearest identities to a South African community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) ST22 strain and makes a separate clade with an Indian CA-MRSA ST22 strain. Although most ST22 strains carry blaZ, mecA, and mutations in gyrA, the Lr2 strain does not have the blaZ gene but, unlike other ST22 strains, carries the antibiotic resistance genes erm(C) and aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia. Among ST22 strains analyzed, only the strain Lr2 possesses both PVL and TSST genes. The functional annotation of genes unique to Lr2 revealed that mobilome is the third-largest Cluster of Orthologous Genes (COGs) category, which encodes genes associated with prophages and transposons. This possibly makes methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) Lr2 ST22 strain highly virulent, and this study would improve the knowledge of MRSA ST22 strains in Pakistan. However, further studies are needed on a large collection of MRSA to comprehend the genomic epidemiology and evolution of this clone in Pakistan. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9033113 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90331132022-04-23 Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Panton–Valentine Leukocidin-Positive ST22 Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Pakistan Ullah, Nimat Nasir, Samavi Ishaq, Zaara Anwer, Farha Raza, Tanzeela Rahman, Moazur Alshammari, Abdulrahman Alharbi, Metab Bae, Taeok Rahman, Abdur Ali, Amjad Antibiotics (Basel) Article Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ST22 is considered a clinically important clone because an epidemic strain EMRSA-15 belongs to ST22, and several outbreaks of this clone have been documented worldwide. We performed genomic analysis of an S. aureus strain Lr2 ST22 from Pakistan and determined comparative analysis with other ST22 strains. The genomic data show that Lr2 belongs to spa-type t2986 and harbors staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVa(2B), one complete plasmid, and seven prophages or prophage-like elements. The strain harbors several prophage-associated virulence factors, including Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST). The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs)-based phylogenetic relationship inferred from whole genome and core genome revealed that strain Lr2 exhibits the nearest identities to a South African community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) ST22 strain and makes a separate clade with an Indian CA-MRSA ST22 strain. Although most ST22 strains carry blaZ, mecA, and mutations in gyrA, the Lr2 strain does not have the blaZ gene but, unlike other ST22 strains, carries the antibiotic resistance genes erm(C) and aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia. Among ST22 strains analyzed, only the strain Lr2 possesses both PVL and TSST genes. The functional annotation of genes unique to Lr2 revealed that mobilome is the third-largest Cluster of Orthologous Genes (COGs) category, which encodes genes associated with prophages and transposons. This possibly makes methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) Lr2 ST22 strain highly virulent, and this study would improve the knowledge of MRSA ST22 strains in Pakistan. However, further studies are needed on a large collection of MRSA to comprehend the genomic epidemiology and evolution of this clone in Pakistan. MDPI 2022-04-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9033113/ /pubmed/35453247 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11040496 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ullah, Nimat Nasir, Samavi Ishaq, Zaara Anwer, Farha Raza, Tanzeela Rahman, Moazur Alshammari, Abdulrahman Alharbi, Metab Bae, Taeok Rahman, Abdur Ali, Amjad Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Panton–Valentine Leukocidin-Positive ST22 Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Pakistan |
title | Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Panton–Valentine Leukocidin-Positive ST22 Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Pakistan |
title_full | Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Panton–Valentine Leukocidin-Positive ST22 Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Pakistan |
title_fullStr | Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Panton–Valentine Leukocidin-Positive ST22 Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Pakistan |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Panton–Valentine Leukocidin-Positive ST22 Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Pakistan |
title_short | Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Panton–Valentine Leukocidin-Positive ST22 Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Pakistan |
title_sort | comparative genomic analysis of a panton–valentine leukocidin-positive st22 community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from pakistan |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9033113/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35453247 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11040496 |
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