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Transition metal oxide (NiO, CuO, ZnO)-doped calcium oxide catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil
This paper reports the synthesis of new transition metal oxide-modified CaO catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil. CaO is a well-known base catalyst for transesterification. However, its moderate basicity and low surface area have restricted its ca...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society of Chemistry
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9034226/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35478800 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02076e |
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author | Sulaiman, Nur Fatin Ramly, Nurul Izzaty Abd Mubin, Mohamad Helmi Lee, Siew Ling |
author_facet | Sulaiman, Nur Fatin Ramly, Nurul Izzaty Abd Mubin, Mohamad Helmi Lee, Siew Ling |
author_sort | Sulaiman, Nur Fatin |
collection | PubMed |
description | This paper reports the synthesis of new transition metal oxide-modified CaO catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil. CaO is a well-known base catalyst for transesterification. However, its moderate basicity and low surface area have restricted its catalytic performance. Therefore, a new attempt was made to modify the CaO catalyst with transition metal oxides, including Ni, Cu and Zn oxides, via simple wetness impregnation method. The catalytic performance of the resulting modified CaO-based catalysts was evaluated through the transesterification reaction using refined waste cooking oil. The results showed that the NiO/CaO(10 : 90)(ES) catalyst calcined at 700 °C, demonstrated being highly potential as a catalyst. It gave the highest biodiesel production (97.3%) at the optimum conditions of 1 : 18 oil-to-methanol molar ratio, 6 wt% catalyst loading and 180 minutes reaction time as verified by response surface methodology (RSM). The high catalytic activity of NiO/CaO(10 : 90)(ES)(700 °C) was attributed to its high basicity (8.5867 mmol g(−1)) and relatively large surface area (7.1 m(2) g(−1)). The acid value and free fatty acids of the biodiesel produced under optimal process conditions followed the EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 limit with 0.17 mg KOH per g (AV) and 0.09 mg KOH per g (FFA), respectively. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9034226 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | The Royal Society of Chemistry |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90342262022-04-26 Transition metal oxide (NiO, CuO, ZnO)-doped calcium oxide catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil Sulaiman, Nur Fatin Ramly, Nurul Izzaty Abd Mubin, Mohamad Helmi Lee, Siew Ling RSC Adv Chemistry This paper reports the synthesis of new transition metal oxide-modified CaO catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil. CaO is a well-known base catalyst for transesterification. However, its moderate basicity and low surface area have restricted its catalytic performance. Therefore, a new attempt was made to modify the CaO catalyst with transition metal oxides, including Ni, Cu and Zn oxides, via simple wetness impregnation method. The catalytic performance of the resulting modified CaO-based catalysts was evaluated through the transesterification reaction using refined waste cooking oil. The results showed that the NiO/CaO(10 : 90)(ES) catalyst calcined at 700 °C, demonstrated being highly potential as a catalyst. It gave the highest biodiesel production (97.3%) at the optimum conditions of 1 : 18 oil-to-methanol molar ratio, 6 wt% catalyst loading and 180 minutes reaction time as verified by response surface methodology (RSM). The high catalytic activity of NiO/CaO(10 : 90)(ES)(700 °C) was attributed to its high basicity (8.5867 mmol g(−1)) and relatively large surface area (7.1 m(2) g(−1)). The acid value and free fatty acids of the biodiesel produced under optimal process conditions followed the EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 limit with 0.17 mg KOH per g (AV) and 0.09 mg KOH per g (FFA), respectively. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9034226/ /pubmed/35478800 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02076e Text en This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
spellingShingle | Chemistry Sulaiman, Nur Fatin Ramly, Nurul Izzaty Abd Mubin, Mohamad Helmi Lee, Siew Ling Transition metal oxide (NiO, CuO, ZnO)-doped calcium oxide catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil |
title | Transition metal oxide (NiO, CuO, ZnO)-doped calcium oxide catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil |
title_full | Transition metal oxide (NiO, CuO, ZnO)-doped calcium oxide catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil |
title_fullStr | Transition metal oxide (NiO, CuO, ZnO)-doped calcium oxide catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil |
title_full_unstemmed | Transition metal oxide (NiO, CuO, ZnO)-doped calcium oxide catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil |
title_short | Transition metal oxide (NiO, CuO, ZnO)-doped calcium oxide catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil |
title_sort | transition metal oxide (nio, cuo, zno)-doped calcium oxide catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil |
topic | Chemistry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9034226/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35478800 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02076e |
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