The cultural differences in the effects of carbon emissions — an EKC analysis

The postmodernism stance critiques the current discourse of modern consumption–based societies. These societies legitimize their embedded beliefs and actions based on their lifestyle reflected through their consumption patterns. Their consumption patterns relate to carbon footprints that are yet to be explored in the current body of knowledge at the macro level. The legitimacy of their lifestyle and consumption patterns rely on their conscious efforts in reducing carbon footprints. This study uses the environmental Kuznets curve model and explores the impact of household lifestyle and household consumption patterns on CO(2) emissions across different cultures and societies worldwide. 49 countries were taken to assess how different cultures define consumption patterns related to CO(2) emission. The results showed that the curvilinear relationship between consumption and CO(2) depends on the country’s national cultural orientation.