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Evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010

BACKGROUND: Early introduction of liquid/solid food before 6 months of age is one of the major barriers to exclusive breastfeeding. Our objective was to analyze the evolution of infant feeding practices for infants under 6 months of age in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 199...

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Autores principales: Meira, Camila Abadia Rodrigues, Buccini, Gabriela, Azeredo, Catarina Machado, Conde, Wolney Lisbôa, Rinaldi, Ana Elisa Madalena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9034574/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35459227
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13006-022-00477-6
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author Meira, Camila Abadia Rodrigues
Buccini, Gabriela
Azeredo, Catarina Machado
Conde, Wolney Lisbôa
Rinaldi, Ana Elisa Madalena
author_facet Meira, Camila Abadia Rodrigues
Buccini, Gabriela
Azeredo, Catarina Machado
Conde, Wolney Lisbôa
Rinaldi, Ana Elisa Madalena
author_sort Meira, Camila Abadia Rodrigues
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Early introduction of liquid/solid food before 6 months of age is one of the major barriers to exclusive breastfeeding. Our objective was to analyze the evolution of infant feeding practices for infants under 6 months of age in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010. METHOD: Cross-sectional time series study with data from Demographic and Health Surveys carried out between 1990 and 2017 in six Latin America and Caribbean countries: Bolivia (1994 to 2008), Colombia (1995 to 2010), Dominican Republic (1996 to 2013), Guatemala (1995 to 2015), Haiti (1994/1995 to 2016/2017), Peru (1996 to 2018). Pooled sample comprised of 22,545 infants under the age of 6 months. Surveys were grouped in three decades: 1990s for surveys from 1990 to 1999, 2000s for surveys from 2000 to 2009, and 2010s for surveys from 2010 to 2017. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), predominant breastfeeding (PBF), mixed breastfeeding (mixed BF), supplemented breastfeeding (supplemented BF) and non-breastfeeding (non-BF), and individual foods (water, liquids, milk, infant formula, semi-solid/solid) were analyzed. Prevalence of breastfeeding and food indicators were calculated in pooled sample, according to the infant monthly age groups, decade of survey and residence area(rural/urban). RESULTS: Between 1990s and 2010s, there was an increase in the exclusive breastfeeding prevalence (1990s = 38.1%, 2010s = 46.6%) and a reduction in the PBF prevalence (1990s = 51.7%, 2010 s = 43.1%). There was a decrease in the liquids (1990s = 40.7%, 2010s = 15.8%) and milk prevalence (1990s = 20.4%, 2010s = 8.3%) and an increase in water (1990s = 32.3%, 2010s = 37.6%), and infant formula (1990s = 16.6%, 2010s = 25.5%) prevalence. All breastfeeding indicators, except exclusive breastfeeding, progressively increased according to the monthly age group in three decades, and EBF prevalence sharply decreased from 2 to 3 months of age in all decades. Exclusive breastfeeding prevalence was higher in rural area in the three decades (1990s (rural) = 43.8%, 1990s (urban) = 32.4%, 2010s (rural) = 51.1%, 2010s (urban) = 42.4%) and infant formula prevalence was higher in urban area (1990s (rural) = 8.6%, 1990s (urban) = 24.6%, 2010s (rural) = 15.9%, 2010s (urban) = 34.1%). CONCLUSIONS: In the last three decades, in all age groups, there was an increase in exclusive breastfeeding prevalence, as well as a significant reduction in liquids and milk. In the rural area, EBF prevalence remains higher than in urban. Increased water and infant formula feeding are the main barriers to achieving the Global Nutrition Target 2025 for exclusive breastfeeding. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13006-022-00477-6.
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spelling pubmed-90345742022-04-24 Evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010 Meira, Camila Abadia Rodrigues Buccini, Gabriela Azeredo, Catarina Machado Conde, Wolney Lisbôa Rinaldi, Ana Elisa Madalena Int Breastfeed J Research BACKGROUND: Early introduction of liquid/solid food before 6 months of age is one of the major barriers to exclusive breastfeeding. Our objective was to analyze the evolution of infant feeding practices for infants under 6 months of age in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010. METHOD: Cross-sectional time series study with data from Demographic and Health Surveys carried out between 1990 and 2017 in six Latin America and Caribbean countries: Bolivia (1994 to 2008), Colombia (1995 to 2010), Dominican Republic (1996 to 2013), Guatemala (1995 to 2015), Haiti (1994/1995 to 2016/2017), Peru (1996 to 2018). Pooled sample comprised of 22,545 infants under the age of 6 months. Surveys were grouped in three decades: 1990s for surveys from 1990 to 1999, 2000s for surveys from 2000 to 2009, and 2010s for surveys from 2010 to 2017. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), predominant breastfeeding (PBF), mixed breastfeeding (mixed BF), supplemented breastfeeding (supplemented BF) and non-breastfeeding (non-BF), and individual foods (water, liquids, milk, infant formula, semi-solid/solid) were analyzed. Prevalence of breastfeeding and food indicators were calculated in pooled sample, according to the infant monthly age groups, decade of survey and residence area(rural/urban). RESULTS: Between 1990s and 2010s, there was an increase in the exclusive breastfeeding prevalence (1990s = 38.1%, 2010s = 46.6%) and a reduction in the PBF prevalence (1990s = 51.7%, 2010 s = 43.1%). There was a decrease in the liquids (1990s = 40.7%, 2010s = 15.8%) and milk prevalence (1990s = 20.4%, 2010s = 8.3%) and an increase in water (1990s = 32.3%, 2010s = 37.6%), and infant formula (1990s = 16.6%, 2010s = 25.5%) prevalence. All breastfeeding indicators, except exclusive breastfeeding, progressively increased according to the monthly age group in three decades, and EBF prevalence sharply decreased from 2 to 3 months of age in all decades. Exclusive breastfeeding prevalence was higher in rural area in the three decades (1990s (rural) = 43.8%, 1990s (urban) = 32.4%, 2010s (rural) = 51.1%, 2010s (urban) = 42.4%) and infant formula prevalence was higher in urban area (1990s (rural) = 8.6%, 1990s (urban) = 24.6%, 2010s (rural) = 15.9%, 2010s (urban) = 34.1%). CONCLUSIONS: In the last three decades, in all age groups, there was an increase in exclusive breastfeeding prevalence, as well as a significant reduction in liquids and milk. In the rural area, EBF prevalence remains higher than in urban. Increased water and infant formula feeding are the main barriers to achieving the Global Nutrition Target 2025 for exclusive breastfeeding. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13006-022-00477-6. BioMed Central 2022-04-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9034574/ /pubmed/35459227 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13006-022-00477-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visithttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Meira, Camila Abadia Rodrigues
Buccini, Gabriela
Azeredo, Catarina Machado
Conde, Wolney Lisbôa
Rinaldi, Ana Elisa Madalena
Evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010
title Evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010
title_full Evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010
title_fullStr Evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010
title_full_unstemmed Evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010
title_short Evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010
title_sort evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in latin american and caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9034574/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35459227
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13006-022-00477-6
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