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The Synergistic Antidepressant Effect: Compatibility of Alkaloids with Saponins from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen

Context. Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of depression and anxiety in China. ZSS contains several active components, such as alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. Objective. This study aimed to explore the synergistic effect of alkaloids and...

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Autores principales: Li, Lu, Song, Wei, Chang, Qianqian, Sun, Yan, Fang, Demin, Qiao, Wei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9034922/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35469157
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5755980
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author Li, Lu
Song, Wei
Chang, Qianqian
Sun, Yan
Fang, Demin
Qiao, Wei
author_facet Li, Lu
Song, Wei
Chang, Qianqian
Sun, Yan
Fang, Demin
Qiao, Wei
author_sort Li, Lu
collection PubMed
description Context. Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of depression and anxiety in China. ZSS contains several active components, such as alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. Objective. This study aimed to explore the synergistic effect of alkaloids and saponins from ZSS in alleviating depression in a mouse model. Materials and Methods. Modeling depression with chronic unpredictable stimuli. Pharmacodynamic methods (tail suspension test and forced swimming test) were used to evaluate the antidepressant effects of alkaloids, saponins, and combinations thereof from ZSS. The mechanisms underlying the effect were examined by measuring the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of mice. Results. Compared with the model group, alkaloids therapy (AZSS), saponins therapy (SZSS), and combination therapy significantly reduced the immobility time in behavioral tests (P < 0.05). The contents of noradrenaline (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of depressed mice were increased in the drug treatment groups, especially in the combination group, which increased by 14.65%, 87.72%, 33.44%, 25.64%, 25.39%, and 70.78%, respectively. Several groups showed better results (P < 0.05), especially the combination of alkaloids and saponins. Discussion and Conclusion. The saponins and alkaloids from ZSS exhibited a synergistic effect in improving the behavior of depressed mice. More importantly, the combination of alkaloids (15 mg·kg(−1)) and saponins (110 mg·kg(−1)) was effective in alleviating depression in mice, especially in terms of changing the level of DA in the hippocampus.
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spelling pubmed-90349222022-04-24 The Synergistic Antidepressant Effect: Compatibility of Alkaloids with Saponins from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen Li, Lu Song, Wei Chang, Qianqian Sun, Yan Fang, Demin Qiao, Wei Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Research Article Context. Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of depression and anxiety in China. ZSS contains several active components, such as alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. Objective. This study aimed to explore the synergistic effect of alkaloids and saponins from ZSS in alleviating depression in a mouse model. Materials and Methods. Modeling depression with chronic unpredictable stimuli. Pharmacodynamic methods (tail suspension test and forced swimming test) were used to evaluate the antidepressant effects of alkaloids, saponins, and combinations thereof from ZSS. The mechanisms underlying the effect were examined by measuring the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of mice. Results. Compared with the model group, alkaloids therapy (AZSS), saponins therapy (SZSS), and combination therapy significantly reduced the immobility time in behavioral tests (P < 0.05). The contents of noradrenaline (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of depressed mice were increased in the drug treatment groups, especially in the combination group, which increased by 14.65%, 87.72%, 33.44%, 25.64%, 25.39%, and 70.78%, respectively. Several groups showed better results (P < 0.05), especially the combination of alkaloids and saponins. Discussion and Conclusion. The saponins and alkaloids from ZSS exhibited a synergistic effect in improving the behavior of depressed mice. More importantly, the combination of alkaloids (15 mg·kg(−1)) and saponins (110 mg·kg(−1)) was effective in alleviating depression in mice, especially in terms of changing the level of DA in the hippocampus. Hindawi 2022-04-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9034922/ /pubmed/35469157 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5755980 Text en Copyright © 2022 Lu Li et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Li, Lu
Song, Wei
Chang, Qianqian
Sun, Yan
Fang, Demin
Qiao, Wei
The Synergistic Antidepressant Effect: Compatibility of Alkaloids with Saponins from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen
title The Synergistic Antidepressant Effect: Compatibility of Alkaloids with Saponins from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen
title_full The Synergistic Antidepressant Effect: Compatibility of Alkaloids with Saponins from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen
title_fullStr The Synergistic Antidepressant Effect: Compatibility of Alkaloids with Saponins from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen
title_full_unstemmed The Synergistic Antidepressant Effect: Compatibility of Alkaloids with Saponins from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen
title_short The Synergistic Antidepressant Effect: Compatibility of Alkaloids with Saponins from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen
title_sort synergistic antidepressant effect: compatibility of alkaloids with saponins from ziziphi spinosae semen
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9034922/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35469157
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5755980
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