Cargando…
Protective Effect of Low Dose of Methamphetamine on The Amount of Extracellular Glutamine in Primary Fetal Human Astrocytes Induced by Amyloid Beta
OBJECTIVE: Change in astrocytes is one of the first pathological symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Understanding the signaling pathways in astrocytes can be a great help in treating of AD. This study aimed to investigate signaling pathway relations between low dose of methamphetamine (METH), the...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Royan Institute
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9035228/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35451579 http://dx.doi.org/10.22074/cellj.2022.7917 |
_version_ | 1784693251552313344 |
---|---|
author | Soltanian, Bita Dehghan Shasaltaneh, Marzieh Riazi, Gholamhossein Masoudian, Nahid |
author_facet | Soltanian, Bita Dehghan Shasaltaneh, Marzieh Riazi, Gholamhossein Masoudian, Nahid |
author_sort | Soltanian, Bita |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: Change in astrocytes is one of the first pathological symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Understanding the signaling pathways in astrocytes can be a great help in treating of AD. This study aimed to investigate signaling pathway relations between low dose of methamphetamine (METH), the apoptosis, cell cycle, and glutamine (Gln) pathways in the activated astrocyte. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, the activated astrocyte cells were exposed to a low dose of METH (12.5 µM) which was determined by Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The groups were: group 1 cells with Aβ, group 2 cells with METH, group 3 cells with METH after 24 hours of adding Aβ (Aβ+METH, treated group), group 4 cells with Aβ after 24 hours of adding METH (METH+Aβ, prevention group), and group 5 as the control. The Gln was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and also the apoptosis, and cell cycle and BAX, BCL-X expression was evaluated. RESULTS: The amount of Gln was increased, and the value of late and early apoptosis was reduced in the treatment groups, and necrosis is decreased in the prevention group (group 4 compared to group 1). Moreover, it was revealed through cell cycle analysis that G2 in group 4 was reduced compared to group 1 and the expression of BAX, BAX/ BCL-X, and BCL-X in group 3 and group 4, was decreased and increased, respectively compared to group 1. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that perhaps a non-toxic dosage of METH (low dose) can reduce the amount of apoptosis and BAX expression and increase the expression of BCL-X. Furthermore, the cells are arrested in the G2 phase and can raise the amount of extracellular glutamine, which has a protective role in neuron cells. These findings may provide a new perspective to design a new drug with less toxic results. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9035228 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Royan Institute |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90352282022-05-05 Protective Effect of Low Dose of Methamphetamine on The Amount of Extracellular Glutamine in Primary Fetal Human Astrocytes Induced by Amyloid Beta Soltanian, Bita Dehghan Shasaltaneh, Marzieh Riazi, Gholamhossein Masoudian, Nahid Cell J Original Article OBJECTIVE: Change in astrocytes is one of the first pathological symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Understanding the signaling pathways in astrocytes can be a great help in treating of AD. This study aimed to investigate signaling pathway relations between low dose of methamphetamine (METH), the apoptosis, cell cycle, and glutamine (Gln) pathways in the activated astrocyte. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, the activated astrocyte cells were exposed to a low dose of METH (12.5 µM) which was determined by Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The groups were: group 1 cells with Aβ, group 2 cells with METH, group 3 cells with METH after 24 hours of adding Aβ (Aβ+METH, treated group), group 4 cells with Aβ after 24 hours of adding METH (METH+Aβ, prevention group), and group 5 as the control. The Gln was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and also the apoptosis, and cell cycle and BAX, BCL-X expression was evaluated. RESULTS: The amount of Gln was increased, and the value of late and early apoptosis was reduced in the treatment groups, and necrosis is decreased in the prevention group (group 4 compared to group 1). Moreover, it was revealed through cell cycle analysis that G2 in group 4 was reduced compared to group 1 and the expression of BAX, BAX/ BCL-X, and BCL-X in group 3 and group 4, was decreased and increased, respectively compared to group 1. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that perhaps a non-toxic dosage of METH (low dose) can reduce the amount of apoptosis and BAX expression and increase the expression of BCL-X. Furthermore, the cells are arrested in the G2 phase and can raise the amount of extracellular glutamine, which has a protective role in neuron cells. These findings may provide a new perspective to design a new drug with less toxic results. Royan Institute 2022-03 2022-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9035228/ /pubmed/35451579 http://dx.doi.org/10.22074/cellj.2022.7917 Text en Any use, distribution, reproduction or abstract of this publication in any medium, with the exception of commercial purposes, is permitted provided the original work is properly cited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0) License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Soltanian, Bita Dehghan Shasaltaneh, Marzieh Riazi, Gholamhossein Masoudian, Nahid Protective Effect of Low Dose of Methamphetamine on The Amount of Extracellular Glutamine in Primary Fetal Human Astrocytes Induced by Amyloid Beta |
title | Protective Effect of Low Dose of Methamphetamine on The Amount
of Extracellular Glutamine in Primary Fetal Human Astrocytes
Induced by Amyloid Beta |
title_full | Protective Effect of Low Dose of Methamphetamine on The Amount
of Extracellular Glutamine in Primary Fetal Human Astrocytes
Induced by Amyloid Beta |
title_fullStr | Protective Effect of Low Dose of Methamphetamine on The Amount
of Extracellular Glutamine in Primary Fetal Human Astrocytes
Induced by Amyloid Beta |
title_full_unstemmed | Protective Effect of Low Dose of Methamphetamine on The Amount
of Extracellular Glutamine in Primary Fetal Human Astrocytes
Induced by Amyloid Beta |
title_short | Protective Effect of Low Dose of Methamphetamine on The Amount
of Extracellular Glutamine in Primary Fetal Human Astrocytes
Induced by Amyloid Beta |
title_sort | protective effect of low dose of methamphetamine on the amount
of extracellular glutamine in primary fetal human astrocytes
induced by amyloid beta |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9035228/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35451579 http://dx.doi.org/10.22074/cellj.2022.7917 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT soltanianbita protectiveeffectoflowdoseofmethamphetamineontheamountofextracellularglutamineinprimaryfetalhumanastrocytesinducedbyamyloidbeta AT dehghanshasaltanehmarzieh protectiveeffectoflowdoseofmethamphetamineontheamountofextracellularglutamineinprimaryfetalhumanastrocytesinducedbyamyloidbeta AT riazigholamhossein protectiveeffectoflowdoseofmethamphetamineontheamountofextracellularglutamineinprimaryfetalhumanastrocytesinducedbyamyloidbeta AT masoudiannahid protectiveeffectoflowdoseofmethamphetamineontheamountofextracellularglutamineinprimaryfetalhumanastrocytesinducedbyamyloidbeta |