Peripheral retinal neovascularization in a patient with obstructive sleep apnea

PURPOSE: To describe a case of peripheral retinal neovascularization and its possible etiological connection to comorbid obstructive sleep apnea. OBSERVATIONS: In this case report we describe a diabetic patient with obstructive sleep apnea who presented with bilateral peripheral retinal neovascularization but in the absence of any other evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Aside from confirmed nocturnal hypoxia and reasonably controlled diabetes mellitus, etiological investigation was otherwise unrevealing. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: In the absence of typical findings for diabetic retinopathy, nocturnal hypoxia due to obstructive sleep apnea may be a contributing factor in the development of peripheral retinal neovascularization. There may be a role for more vigilant OSA screening in patients with peripheral retinal neovascularization as treatment with positive airway pressure devices may reduce the retinal hypoxic burden.