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Overview of Salmonella Genomic Island 1-Related Elements Among Gamma-Proteobacteria Reveals Their Wide Distribution Among Environmental Species
The aim of this study was to perform an in silico analysis of the available whole-genome sequencing data to detect syntenic genomic islands (GIs) having homology to Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), analyze the genetic variations of their backbone, and determine their relatedness. Eighty-nine non-...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9035990/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35479618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.857492 |
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author | Siebor, Eliane Neuwirth, Catherine |
author_facet | Siebor, Eliane Neuwirth, Catherine |
author_sort | Siebor, Eliane |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aim of this study was to perform an in silico analysis of the available whole-genome sequencing data to detect syntenic genomic islands (GIs) having homology to Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), analyze the genetic variations of their backbone, and determine their relatedness. Eighty-nine non-redundant SGI1-related elements (SGI1-REs) were identified among gamma-proteobacteria. With the inclusion of the thirty-seven backbones characterized to date, seven clusters were identified based on integrase homology: SGI1, PGI1, PGI2, AGI1 clusters, and clusters 5, 6, and 7 composed of GIs mainly harbored by waterborne or marine bacteria, such as Vibrio, Shewanella, Halomonas, Idiomarina, Marinobacter, and Pseudohongiella. The integrase genes and the backbones of SGI1-REs from clusters 6 and 7, and from PGI1, PGI2, and AGI1 clusters differed significantly from those of the SGI1 cluster, suggesting a different ancestor. All backbones consisted of two parts: the part from attL to the origin of transfer (oriT) harbored the DNA recombination, transfer, and mobilization genes, and the part from oriT to attR differed among the clusters. The diversity of SGI1-REs resulted from the recombination events between GIs of the same or other families. The oriT appeared to be a high recombination site. The multi-drug resistant (MDR) region was located upstream of the resolvase gene. However, most SGI1-REs in Vibrio, Shewanella, and marine bacteria did not harbor any MDR region. These strains could constitute a reservoir of SGI1-REs that could be potential ancestors of SGI1-REs encountered in pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, four SGI1-REs did not harbor a resolvase gene and therefore could not acquire an integron. The presence of mobilization genes and AcaCD binding sites indicated that their conjugative transfer could occur with helper plasmids. The plasticity of SGI1-REs contributes to bacterial adaptation and evolution. We propose a more relevant classification to categorize SGI1-REs into different clusters based on their integrase gene similarity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9035990 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90359902022-04-26 Overview of Salmonella Genomic Island 1-Related Elements Among Gamma-Proteobacteria Reveals Their Wide Distribution Among Environmental Species Siebor, Eliane Neuwirth, Catherine Front Microbiol Microbiology The aim of this study was to perform an in silico analysis of the available whole-genome sequencing data to detect syntenic genomic islands (GIs) having homology to Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), analyze the genetic variations of their backbone, and determine their relatedness. Eighty-nine non-redundant SGI1-related elements (SGI1-REs) were identified among gamma-proteobacteria. With the inclusion of the thirty-seven backbones characterized to date, seven clusters were identified based on integrase homology: SGI1, PGI1, PGI2, AGI1 clusters, and clusters 5, 6, and 7 composed of GIs mainly harbored by waterborne or marine bacteria, such as Vibrio, Shewanella, Halomonas, Idiomarina, Marinobacter, and Pseudohongiella. The integrase genes and the backbones of SGI1-REs from clusters 6 and 7, and from PGI1, PGI2, and AGI1 clusters differed significantly from those of the SGI1 cluster, suggesting a different ancestor. All backbones consisted of two parts: the part from attL to the origin of transfer (oriT) harbored the DNA recombination, transfer, and mobilization genes, and the part from oriT to attR differed among the clusters. The diversity of SGI1-REs resulted from the recombination events between GIs of the same or other families. The oriT appeared to be a high recombination site. The multi-drug resistant (MDR) region was located upstream of the resolvase gene. However, most SGI1-REs in Vibrio, Shewanella, and marine bacteria did not harbor any MDR region. These strains could constitute a reservoir of SGI1-REs that could be potential ancestors of SGI1-REs encountered in pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, four SGI1-REs did not harbor a resolvase gene and therefore could not acquire an integron. The presence of mobilization genes and AcaCD binding sites indicated that their conjugative transfer could occur with helper plasmids. The plasticity of SGI1-REs contributes to bacterial adaptation and evolution. We propose a more relevant classification to categorize SGI1-REs into different clusters based on their integrase gene similarity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9035990/ /pubmed/35479618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.857492 Text en Copyright © 2022 Siebor and Neuwirth. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Siebor, Eliane Neuwirth, Catherine Overview of Salmonella Genomic Island 1-Related Elements Among Gamma-Proteobacteria Reveals Their Wide Distribution Among Environmental Species |
title | Overview of Salmonella Genomic Island 1-Related Elements Among Gamma-Proteobacteria Reveals Their Wide Distribution Among Environmental Species |
title_full | Overview of Salmonella Genomic Island 1-Related Elements Among Gamma-Proteobacteria Reveals Their Wide Distribution Among Environmental Species |
title_fullStr | Overview of Salmonella Genomic Island 1-Related Elements Among Gamma-Proteobacteria Reveals Their Wide Distribution Among Environmental Species |
title_full_unstemmed | Overview of Salmonella Genomic Island 1-Related Elements Among Gamma-Proteobacteria Reveals Their Wide Distribution Among Environmental Species |
title_short | Overview of Salmonella Genomic Island 1-Related Elements Among Gamma-Proteobacteria Reveals Their Wide Distribution Among Environmental Species |
title_sort | overview of salmonella genomic island 1-related elements among gamma-proteobacteria reveals their wide distribution among environmental species |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9035990/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35479618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.857492 |
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