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A low-cost and high-loading viologen-based organic electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries

Organic active materials are regarded as a very promising choice for lithium batteries because of several outstanding advantages such as low-cost, flexible tunability and pollution-free sources. Viologen compounds are attractive two-electron storage materials with low redox potentials, which are mai...

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Autores principales: Chen, Mao, Liu, Lei, Zhang, Peiyao, Chen, Hongning
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9036681/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35479055
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra03068j
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author Chen, Mao
Liu, Lei
Zhang, Peiyao
Chen, Hongning
author_facet Chen, Mao
Liu, Lei
Zhang, Peiyao
Chen, Hongning
author_sort Chen, Mao
collection PubMed
description Organic active materials are regarded as a very promising choice for lithium batteries because of several outstanding advantages such as low-cost, flexible tunability and pollution-free sources. Viologen compounds are attractive two-electron storage materials with low redox potentials, which are mainly used as anolytes in redox flow batteries (RFBs) considering their high solubility in electrolytes. However, due to their relatively large molecular weight and low density, it is difficult to prepare high-loading and stable-cycling electrodes for lithium battery application. In this research, by adopting 4,4′-bipyridine as the raw material and combining salification with a high-energy ball milling method, a low-solubility and high-stability viologen carbon-coated composite, ethyl viologen dihexafluorophosphate-Ketjen black (EV-KB), is synthesized. Then, by optimizing the electrode preparation process, a high-loading viologen-based electrode is successfully prepared. Salification effectively reduces the solubility of viologen compounds in the electrolyte so that the EV-KB composite can be used in lithium batteries. At the same time, it is pointed out that current collectors and slurry solvents play an important role in achieving the high-loading electrode. By deliberately selecting carbon paper as the current collector and ethanol as the solvent, the EV-KB composite organic electrode with a loading up to 1.5–9 mg cm(−2) can achieve a specific capacity of 106–79 mA h g(−1) for 400 stable cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 96% as well as a good rate capability. The synthesis method and electrode preparation optimization process introduced in this paper provide a reference for other types of organic active materials to be used in high-loading lithium batteries.
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spelling pubmed-90366812022-04-26 A low-cost and high-loading viologen-based organic electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries Chen, Mao Liu, Lei Zhang, Peiyao Chen, Hongning RSC Adv Chemistry Organic active materials are regarded as a very promising choice for lithium batteries because of several outstanding advantages such as low-cost, flexible tunability and pollution-free sources. Viologen compounds are attractive two-electron storage materials with low redox potentials, which are mainly used as anolytes in redox flow batteries (RFBs) considering their high solubility in electrolytes. However, due to their relatively large molecular weight and low density, it is difficult to prepare high-loading and stable-cycling electrodes for lithium battery application. In this research, by adopting 4,4′-bipyridine as the raw material and combining salification with a high-energy ball milling method, a low-solubility and high-stability viologen carbon-coated composite, ethyl viologen dihexafluorophosphate-Ketjen black (EV-KB), is synthesized. Then, by optimizing the electrode preparation process, a high-loading viologen-based electrode is successfully prepared. Salification effectively reduces the solubility of viologen compounds in the electrolyte so that the EV-KB composite can be used in lithium batteries. At the same time, it is pointed out that current collectors and slurry solvents play an important role in achieving the high-loading electrode. By deliberately selecting carbon paper as the current collector and ethanol as the solvent, the EV-KB composite organic electrode with a loading up to 1.5–9 mg cm(−2) can achieve a specific capacity of 106–79 mA h g(−1) for 400 stable cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 96% as well as a good rate capability. The synthesis method and electrode preparation optimization process introduced in this paper provide a reference for other types of organic active materials to be used in high-loading lithium batteries. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021-07-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9036681/ /pubmed/35479055 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra03068j Text en This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
spellingShingle Chemistry
Chen, Mao
Liu, Lei
Zhang, Peiyao
Chen, Hongning
A low-cost and high-loading viologen-based organic electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries
title A low-cost and high-loading viologen-based organic electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries
title_full A low-cost and high-loading viologen-based organic electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries
title_fullStr A low-cost and high-loading viologen-based organic electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries
title_full_unstemmed A low-cost and high-loading viologen-based organic electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries
title_short A low-cost and high-loading viologen-based organic electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries
title_sort low-cost and high-loading viologen-based organic electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries
topic Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9036681/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35479055
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra03068j
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