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Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Atherosclerosis-Induced Vascular Dysfunction and Its Key Molecular Players

Atherosclerosis is a progressive, chronic inflammatory disease of the large arteries caused by the constant accumulation of cholesterol, followed by endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation. We hypothesized that delivery of extracellular vesicles (EVs), recognized for their potential as the...

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Autores principales: Comariţa, Ioana Karla, Vîlcu, Alexandra, Constantin, Alina, Procopciuc, Anastasia, Safciuc, Florentina, Alexandru, Nicoleta, Dragan, Emanuel, Nemecz, Miruna, Filippi, Alexandru, Chiţoiu, Leona, Gherghiceanu, Mihaela, Georgescu, Adriana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9037629/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35478972
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.817180
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author Comariţa, Ioana Karla
Vîlcu, Alexandra
Constantin, Alina
Procopciuc, Anastasia
Safciuc, Florentina
Alexandru, Nicoleta
Dragan, Emanuel
Nemecz, Miruna
Filippi, Alexandru
Chiţoiu, Leona
Gherghiceanu, Mihaela
Georgescu, Adriana
author_facet Comariţa, Ioana Karla
Vîlcu, Alexandra
Constantin, Alina
Procopciuc, Anastasia
Safciuc, Florentina
Alexandru, Nicoleta
Dragan, Emanuel
Nemecz, Miruna
Filippi, Alexandru
Chiţoiu, Leona
Gherghiceanu, Mihaela
Georgescu, Adriana
author_sort Comariţa, Ioana Karla
collection PubMed
description Atherosclerosis is a progressive, chronic inflammatory disease of the large arteries caused by the constant accumulation of cholesterol, followed by endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation. We hypothesized that delivery of extracellular vesicles (EVs), recognized for their potential as therapeutic targets and tools, could restore vascular function in atherosclerosis. We explored by comparison the potential beneficial effects of EVs from subcutaneous adipose tissue stem cells (EVs (ADSCs)) or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (EVs (MSCs)) on the consequences of atherogenic diet on vascular health. Also, the influences of siRNA-targeting Smad2/3 (Smad2/3siRNA) on endothelial dysfunction and its key molecular players were analyzed. For this study, an animal model of atherosclerosis (HH) was transplanted with EVs (ADSCs) or EVs (MSCs) transfected or not with Smad2/3siRNA. For controls, healthy or HH animals were used. The results indicated that by comparison with the HH group, the treatment with EVs(ADSCs) or EVs(MSCs) alone or in combination with Smad2/3siRNA of HH animals induced a significant decrease in the main plasma parameters and a noticeable improvement in the structure and function of the thoracic aorta and carotid artery along with a decrease in the selected molecular and cellular targets mediating their changes in atherosclerosis: 1) a decrease in expression of structural and inflammatory markers COL1A1, α-SMA, Cx43, VCAM-1, and MMP-2; 2) a slight infiltration of total/M1 macrophages and T-cells; 3) a reduced level of cytosolic ROS production; 4) a significant diminution in plasma concentrations of TGF-β1 and Ang II proteins; 5) significant structural and functional improvements (thinning of the arterial wall, increase of the inner diameter, enhanced distensibility, diminished VTI and Vel, and augmented contractile and relaxation responses); 6) a reduced protein expression profile of Smad2/3, ATF-2, and NF-kBp50/p65 and a significant decrease in the expression levels of miR-21, miR-29a, miR-192, miR-200b, miR-210, and miR-146a. We can conclude that 1) stem cell-derived EV therapies, especially the EVs (ADSCs) led to regression of structural and functional changes in the vascular wall and of key orchestrator expression in the atherosclerosis-induced endothelial dysfunction; 2) transfection of EVs with Smad2/3siRNA amplified the ability of EVs(ADSCs) or EVs(MSCs) to regress the inflammation-mediated atherosclerotic process.
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spelling pubmed-90376292022-04-26 Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Atherosclerosis-Induced Vascular Dysfunction and Its Key Molecular Players Comariţa, Ioana Karla Vîlcu, Alexandra Constantin, Alina Procopciuc, Anastasia Safciuc, Florentina Alexandru, Nicoleta Dragan, Emanuel Nemecz, Miruna Filippi, Alexandru Chiţoiu, Leona Gherghiceanu, Mihaela Georgescu, Adriana Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Atherosclerosis is a progressive, chronic inflammatory disease of the large arteries caused by the constant accumulation of cholesterol, followed by endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation. We hypothesized that delivery of extracellular vesicles (EVs), recognized for their potential as therapeutic targets and tools, could restore vascular function in atherosclerosis. We explored by comparison the potential beneficial effects of EVs from subcutaneous adipose tissue stem cells (EVs (ADSCs)) or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (EVs (MSCs)) on the consequences of atherogenic diet on vascular health. Also, the influences of siRNA-targeting Smad2/3 (Smad2/3siRNA) on endothelial dysfunction and its key molecular players were analyzed. For this study, an animal model of atherosclerosis (HH) was transplanted with EVs (ADSCs) or EVs (MSCs) transfected or not with Smad2/3siRNA. For controls, healthy or HH animals were used. The results indicated that by comparison with the HH group, the treatment with EVs(ADSCs) or EVs(MSCs) alone or in combination with Smad2/3siRNA of HH animals induced a significant decrease in the main plasma parameters and a noticeable improvement in the structure and function of the thoracic aorta and carotid artery along with a decrease in the selected molecular and cellular targets mediating their changes in atherosclerosis: 1) a decrease in expression of structural and inflammatory markers COL1A1, α-SMA, Cx43, VCAM-1, and MMP-2; 2) a slight infiltration of total/M1 macrophages and T-cells; 3) a reduced level of cytosolic ROS production; 4) a significant diminution in plasma concentrations of TGF-β1 and Ang II proteins; 5) significant structural and functional improvements (thinning of the arterial wall, increase of the inner diameter, enhanced distensibility, diminished VTI and Vel, and augmented contractile and relaxation responses); 6) a reduced protein expression profile of Smad2/3, ATF-2, and NF-kBp50/p65 and a significant decrease in the expression levels of miR-21, miR-29a, miR-192, miR-200b, miR-210, and miR-146a. We can conclude that 1) stem cell-derived EV therapies, especially the EVs (ADSCs) led to regression of structural and functional changes in the vascular wall and of key orchestrator expression in the atherosclerosis-induced endothelial dysfunction; 2) transfection of EVs with Smad2/3siRNA amplified the ability of EVs(ADSCs) or EVs(MSCs) to regress the inflammation-mediated atherosclerotic process. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9037629/ /pubmed/35478972 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.817180 Text en Copyright © 2022 Comariţa, Vîlcu, Constantin, Procopciuc, Safciuc, Alexandru, Dragan, Nemecz, Filippi, Chiţoiu, Gherghiceanu and Georgescu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Comariţa, Ioana Karla
Vîlcu, Alexandra
Constantin, Alina
Procopciuc, Anastasia
Safciuc, Florentina
Alexandru, Nicoleta
Dragan, Emanuel
Nemecz, Miruna
Filippi, Alexandru
Chiţoiu, Leona
Gherghiceanu, Mihaela
Georgescu, Adriana
Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Atherosclerosis-Induced Vascular Dysfunction and Its Key Molecular Players
title Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Atherosclerosis-Induced Vascular Dysfunction and Its Key Molecular Players
title_full Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Atherosclerosis-Induced Vascular Dysfunction and Its Key Molecular Players
title_fullStr Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Atherosclerosis-Induced Vascular Dysfunction and Its Key Molecular Players
title_full_unstemmed Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Atherosclerosis-Induced Vascular Dysfunction and Its Key Molecular Players
title_short Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Atherosclerosis-Induced Vascular Dysfunction and Its Key Molecular Players
title_sort therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on atherosclerosis-induced vascular dysfunction and its key molecular players
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9037629/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35478972
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.817180
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