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Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma Detection

Melanomas have increased in global incidence and are the leading cause of skin cancer deaths. Whilst the majority of early-stage, non-metastatic melanomas can be cured with surgical excision alone, ~5% of patients with early melanomas will experience recurrence following a variable disease-free inte...

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Autores principales: Huang, Nancy, Lee, Katie J., Stark, Mitchell S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9038522/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35492361
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.873728
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author Huang, Nancy
Lee, Katie J.
Stark, Mitchell S.
author_facet Huang, Nancy
Lee, Katie J.
Stark, Mitchell S.
author_sort Huang, Nancy
collection PubMed
description Melanomas have increased in global incidence and are the leading cause of skin cancer deaths. Whilst the majority of early-stage, non-metastatic melanomas can be cured with surgical excision alone, ~5% of patients with early melanomas will experience recurrence following a variable disease-free interval and progression to metastatic melanoma and ultimately death. This is likely because of primary tumor heterogeneity and progressive clonal divergency resulting in the growth of more aggressive tumor populations. Liquid biomarkers have the advantage of real-time, non-invasive longitudinal monitoring of tumor burden and heterogeneity over tissue markers. Currently, the only serological marker used in the staging and monitoring of melanoma is serum lactate dehydrogenase, which is not sufficiently specific or sensitive, and is not used routinely in all centers. An ideal melanoma biomarker would be used to identify patients who are at high-risk of primary melanoma, screen for relapse, detect early-stage melanoma, provide treatment outcomes to personalize systemic treatment, follow tumor heterogeneity, provide prognostic data before, during and after treatment, and monitor response to treatment. This review provides a summary of the current research in this field with a specific focus on circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, microRNA, and extracellular vesicles which may serve to suit these goals.
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spelling pubmed-90385222022-04-27 Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma Detection Huang, Nancy Lee, Katie J. Stark, Mitchell S. Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine Melanomas have increased in global incidence and are the leading cause of skin cancer deaths. Whilst the majority of early-stage, non-metastatic melanomas can be cured with surgical excision alone, ~5% of patients with early melanomas will experience recurrence following a variable disease-free interval and progression to metastatic melanoma and ultimately death. This is likely because of primary tumor heterogeneity and progressive clonal divergency resulting in the growth of more aggressive tumor populations. Liquid biomarkers have the advantage of real-time, non-invasive longitudinal monitoring of tumor burden and heterogeneity over tissue markers. Currently, the only serological marker used in the staging and monitoring of melanoma is serum lactate dehydrogenase, which is not sufficiently specific or sensitive, and is not used routinely in all centers. An ideal melanoma biomarker would be used to identify patients who are at high-risk of primary melanoma, screen for relapse, detect early-stage melanoma, provide treatment outcomes to personalize systemic treatment, follow tumor heterogeneity, provide prognostic data before, during and after treatment, and monitor response to treatment. This review provides a summary of the current research in this field with a specific focus on circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, microRNA, and extracellular vesicles which may serve to suit these goals. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9038522/ /pubmed/35492361 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.873728 Text en Copyright © 2022 Huang, Lee and Stark. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medicine
Huang, Nancy
Lee, Katie J.
Stark, Mitchell S.
Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma Detection
title Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma Detection
title_full Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma Detection
title_fullStr Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma Detection
title_full_unstemmed Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma Detection
title_short Current Trends in Circulating Biomarkers for Melanoma Detection
title_sort current trends in circulating biomarkers for melanoma detection
topic Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9038522/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35492361
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.873728
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