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Two Pathogenic Fungi Isolated From Chalkbrood Samples and Honey Bee Viruses They Carried

Ascosphaera apis and some Aspergillus species are the main pathogenic fungi of honey bee, and A. apis is the pathogen of chalkbrood disease. However, the infection mechanism of them is incompletely known and it is still unclear whether other factors impact their pathogenesis. In this study, Aspergil...

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Autores principales: Cheng, Xuefen, Zhang, Li, Luo, Ji, Yang, Sa, Deng, Yanchun, Li, Jianghong, Hou, Chunsheng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9039454/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35495671
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.843842
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author Cheng, Xuefen
Zhang, Li
Luo, Ji
Yang, Sa
Deng, Yanchun
Li, Jianghong
Hou, Chunsheng
author_facet Cheng, Xuefen
Zhang, Li
Luo, Ji
Yang, Sa
Deng, Yanchun
Li, Jianghong
Hou, Chunsheng
author_sort Cheng, Xuefen
collection PubMed
description Ascosphaera apis and some Aspergillus species are the main pathogenic fungi of honey bee, and A. apis is the pathogen of chalkbrood disease. However, the infection mechanism of them is incompletely known and it is still unclear whether other factors impact their pathogenesis. In this study, Aspergillus tubingensis were obtained from the chalkbrood bee samples for the first time. Our results showed that A. tubingensis could promote the accumulation of the spores of A. apis. Pathogenicity test found that inoculation of the spores of the two fungi alone or their combination could induce disease characterization of chalkbrood and stonebrood but the extent was less than those in field. To further identify other pathogens impacted the pathogenesis, we found several honey bee viruses presented in the pathogenic fungi A. apis and A. tubingensis, which were different from previous reported. Our results indicated that acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) and chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) could replicate in these two fungi and increased in titer with the going of cultivation time. In addition, CBPV could not only transmit vertically to the next generation by spores, but also spread horizontally to different fungi through hyphal anastomosis. These results suggested that the honey bee chalkbrood contained the other pathogenic fungi besides A. apis, the interactions between different pathogens of chalkbrood microbial communities may influence the prevalence of chalkbrood. Moreover, the discovery of honey bee viruses and their transmission mode in these two fungi enhanced the potential of exploring fungi virus as valuable factors that cause fungal disease outbreak.
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spelling pubmed-90394542022-04-27 Two Pathogenic Fungi Isolated From Chalkbrood Samples and Honey Bee Viruses They Carried Cheng, Xuefen Zhang, Li Luo, Ji Yang, Sa Deng, Yanchun Li, Jianghong Hou, Chunsheng Front Microbiol Microbiology Ascosphaera apis and some Aspergillus species are the main pathogenic fungi of honey bee, and A. apis is the pathogen of chalkbrood disease. However, the infection mechanism of them is incompletely known and it is still unclear whether other factors impact their pathogenesis. In this study, Aspergillus tubingensis were obtained from the chalkbrood bee samples for the first time. Our results showed that A. tubingensis could promote the accumulation of the spores of A. apis. Pathogenicity test found that inoculation of the spores of the two fungi alone or their combination could induce disease characterization of chalkbrood and stonebrood but the extent was less than those in field. To further identify other pathogens impacted the pathogenesis, we found several honey bee viruses presented in the pathogenic fungi A. apis and A. tubingensis, which were different from previous reported. Our results indicated that acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) and chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) could replicate in these two fungi and increased in titer with the going of cultivation time. In addition, CBPV could not only transmit vertically to the next generation by spores, but also spread horizontally to different fungi through hyphal anastomosis. These results suggested that the honey bee chalkbrood contained the other pathogenic fungi besides A. apis, the interactions between different pathogens of chalkbrood microbial communities may influence the prevalence of chalkbrood. Moreover, the discovery of honey bee viruses and their transmission mode in these two fungi enhanced the potential of exploring fungi virus as valuable factors that cause fungal disease outbreak. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9039454/ /pubmed/35495671 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.843842 Text en Copyright © 2022 Cheng, Zhang, Luo, Yang, Deng, Li and Hou. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Cheng, Xuefen
Zhang, Li
Luo, Ji
Yang, Sa
Deng, Yanchun
Li, Jianghong
Hou, Chunsheng
Two Pathogenic Fungi Isolated From Chalkbrood Samples and Honey Bee Viruses They Carried
title Two Pathogenic Fungi Isolated From Chalkbrood Samples and Honey Bee Viruses They Carried
title_full Two Pathogenic Fungi Isolated From Chalkbrood Samples and Honey Bee Viruses They Carried
title_fullStr Two Pathogenic Fungi Isolated From Chalkbrood Samples and Honey Bee Viruses They Carried
title_full_unstemmed Two Pathogenic Fungi Isolated From Chalkbrood Samples and Honey Bee Viruses They Carried
title_short Two Pathogenic Fungi Isolated From Chalkbrood Samples and Honey Bee Viruses They Carried
title_sort two pathogenic fungi isolated from chalkbrood samples and honey bee viruses they carried
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9039454/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35495671
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.843842
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