Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Hospital-based Case-control Study from China

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) usually occurs during the chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, the risk factors of CKD in an HBV population have not been completely demonstrated. Our present study aimed to investigate the risk factors of CKD in chronic HBV infection using a hospital based cross-sectional study in the northern area of China. METHODS: During January 2013 to December 2017, a total of 94 patients with CKD complicated by chronic HBV infection were consecutively enrolled in the study, as well as 548 age- and sex-matched hepatitis B patients without CKD who were enrolled as controls. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the effects of each variable after adjusting for cofounding factors. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that HBeAg-positive status (odds ratio [OR]=2.099, 95% CI 1.128–3.907), dyslipidemia (OR: 3.025, 95% CI 1.747–5.239), and hypertension (OR: 12.523, 95% CI 6.283–24.958) were independently associated with the incidence of CKD, while duration of HBV infection (≥240 months) (OR: 0.401, 95% CI 0.179–0.894), Log(10) HBsAg (OR: 0.514, 95% CI 0.336–0.786), and coronary heart disease (OR: 0.078, 95% CI 0.008–0.768) were protective factors for the incidence of CKD. Duration of HBV infection, Log(10) HBsAg, HBeAg-positive status and dyslipidemia remained the risk factors for CKD after adjusting for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: Duration of HBV infection, Log(10) HBsAg, HBeAg-positive status and dyslipidemia contributed to the incidence of CKD during chronic HBV infection in a Chinese population.