Studies into interactions and interfacial characteristics between cellulose nanocrystals and bovine serum albumin

This study investigates the interactions between cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) under different pH conditions. A multiscale technique was employed to characterize the CNCs and BSA at pH 7 and pH 3. ζ-Potential measurement and UV–vis spectroscopy demonstrated strong interactions between CNCs and BSA at pH 3, whereat they have opposite charges. Interfacial tensiometry showed a deficiency in the surface activity of the CNCs and indicated that BSA dominated the interface behavior in their complex. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation revealed that the sequential adsorption of BSA and CNCs produced viscoelastic bilayers at pH 3, and the mass adsorbed was ∼ 28 times that adsorbed at pH 7. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the key interactions between the two materials were produced between the hydrophobic CNC surface and the BSA domain IIA region. These results provide interesting insights into the design of complex food emulsions and fluid interfaces.