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Rotavirus-Induced Lipid Droplet Biogenesis Is Critical for Virus Replication

A variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and parasites, target cellular lipid droplets for their replication. Rotaviruses (RVs) infect the villous epithelium of the small intestine and are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. RVs induce and requi...

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Autores principales: Criglar, Jeanette M., Estes, Mary K., Crawford, Sue E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9040889/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35492603
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.836870
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author Criglar, Jeanette M.
Estes, Mary K.
Crawford, Sue E.
author_facet Criglar, Jeanette M.
Estes, Mary K.
Crawford, Sue E.
author_sort Criglar, Jeanette M.
collection PubMed
description A variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and parasites, target cellular lipid droplets for their replication. Rotaviruses (RVs) infect the villous epithelium of the small intestine and are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. RVs induce and require lipid droplets for the formation of viroplasms, sites of virus genome replication, and nascent particle assembly. Here we review the role of lipid droplets in RV replication. Inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis or chemicals that interfere with lipid droplet homeostasis decrease the number and size of viroplasms and the yield of infectious virus. We used a genetically engineered RV, delayed in viroplasm assembly, to show an early interaction of RV nonstructural protein NSP2 and the lipid droplet-associated protein phospho-PLIN1. The interaction between NSP2 and phospho-PLIN1 suggests that we have identified part of the mechanism of RV-induced lipid droplet formation. These studies demonstrate that RV is an excellent model to dissect the cellular process of lipid droplet formation and to determine how RV induces and usurps lipid droplet biogenesis to form viroplasm/lipid droplets for virus replication.
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spelling pubmed-90408892022-04-27 Rotavirus-Induced Lipid Droplet Biogenesis Is Critical for Virus Replication Criglar, Jeanette M. Estes, Mary K. Crawford, Sue E. Front Physiol Physiology A variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and parasites, target cellular lipid droplets for their replication. Rotaviruses (RVs) infect the villous epithelium of the small intestine and are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. RVs induce and require lipid droplets for the formation of viroplasms, sites of virus genome replication, and nascent particle assembly. Here we review the role of lipid droplets in RV replication. Inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis or chemicals that interfere with lipid droplet homeostasis decrease the number and size of viroplasms and the yield of infectious virus. We used a genetically engineered RV, delayed in viroplasm assembly, to show an early interaction of RV nonstructural protein NSP2 and the lipid droplet-associated protein phospho-PLIN1. The interaction between NSP2 and phospho-PLIN1 suggests that we have identified part of the mechanism of RV-induced lipid droplet formation. These studies demonstrate that RV is an excellent model to dissect the cellular process of lipid droplet formation and to determine how RV induces and usurps lipid droplet biogenesis to form viroplasm/lipid droplets for virus replication. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9040889/ /pubmed/35492603 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.836870 Text en Copyright © 2022 Criglar, Estes and Crawford. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Criglar, Jeanette M.
Estes, Mary K.
Crawford, Sue E.
Rotavirus-Induced Lipid Droplet Biogenesis Is Critical for Virus Replication
title Rotavirus-Induced Lipid Droplet Biogenesis Is Critical for Virus Replication
title_full Rotavirus-Induced Lipid Droplet Biogenesis Is Critical for Virus Replication
title_fullStr Rotavirus-Induced Lipid Droplet Biogenesis Is Critical for Virus Replication
title_full_unstemmed Rotavirus-Induced Lipid Droplet Biogenesis Is Critical for Virus Replication
title_short Rotavirus-Induced Lipid Droplet Biogenesis Is Critical for Virus Replication
title_sort rotavirus-induced lipid droplet biogenesis is critical for virus replication
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9040889/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35492603
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.836870
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