Polyaniline coated tungsten trioxide as an effective adsorbent for the removal of orange G dye from aqueous media

In this work, the core–shell PANI@WO(3) composite was obtained from the reaction of aniline monomer polymerization with WO(3) particles; sodium persulfate was used as an oxidant. Various analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the as-prepared PANI@WO(3) adsorbent, which well confirmed that the WO(3) particles were coated by polyaniline polymer. The PANI@WO(3) composite was tested as an adsorbent to remove reactive orange G (OG) for the first time. pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature were systematically investigated in order to study their effect on the adsorption process. The experimental findings showed that the PANI@WO(3) composite has considerable potential to remove an aqueous OG dye. Langmuir and Freundlich's models were used to analyze the equilibrium isotherms of OG dye adsorption on the PANI@WO(3) composite. As a result, the best correlation of the experimental data was provided by the Langmuir model, and the maximum capacity of adsorption was 226.50 mg g(−1). From a thermodynamic point of view, the OG dye adsorption process occurred spontaneously and endothermically. Importantly, PANI@WO(3) still exhibited an excellent adsorption capability after four regeneration cycles, indicating the potential reusability of the PANI@WO(3) composite. These results indicate that the as prepared PANI@WO(3) composite could be employed as an efficient adsorbent and was much better than the parent material adsorption of OG dye.