Cargando…
A Novel Method for Training the Interdiction of Restricted and Hazardous Biological Materials by Detection Dogs
The interdiction of restricted and hazardous biological agents presents challenges for any detection method due to the inherent complexity of sample type and accessibility. Detection capabilities for this category of agents are limited and restricted in their mobility, adaptability and efficiency. T...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9042221/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35492309 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.847620 |
_version_ | 1784694615307190272 |
---|---|
author | Singletary, Melissa Krichbaum, Sarah Passler, Thomas Lazarowski, Lucia Fischer, Terrence Silvis, Scott Waggoner, L. Paul Walz, Paul Angle, Craig |
author_facet | Singletary, Melissa Krichbaum, Sarah Passler, Thomas Lazarowski, Lucia Fischer, Terrence Silvis, Scott Waggoner, L. Paul Walz, Paul Angle, Craig |
author_sort | Singletary, Melissa |
collection | PubMed |
description | The interdiction of restricted and hazardous biological agents presents challenges for any detection method due to the inherent complexity of sample type and accessibility. Detection capabilities for this category of agents are limited and restricted in their mobility, adaptability and efficiency. The potential for identifying biological agents through a volatile organic compound (VOC) signature presents an opportunity to use detection dogs in a real-time mobile capacity for surveillance and screening strategies. However, the safe handling and access to the materials needed for training detection dogs on restricted or hazardous biological agents prevents its broader application in this field. This study evaluated the use of a polymer-based training aid in a viral detection model using bovine viral diarrhea virus mimicking biosafety level 3+ agent conditions. After the biological agent-based odor was absorbed into the polymer, the aid was rendered safe for handling through a rigorous sterilization process. The viral culture-based training aid was then used to train a cohort of detection dogs (n = 6) to discriminate agent-based target odor in culture from relevant distractor odors including non-target biological agent-based odors. Following culture-based training, dogs were tested for generalization to aids with infected animal sample-based odors across five sample types (fecal, blood, nasal, saliva, and urine). Within the context of the polymer-based training aid system, dogs were successfully trained to detect and discriminate a representative biological viral agent-based odor from distractor odors with a 97.22% (±2.78) sensitivity and 97.11% (±1.94) specificity. Generalization from the agent-based odor to sample-based odors ranged from 65.40% (±8.98) to 91.90 % (±6.15) sensitivity and 88.61% (±1.46) to 96.00% (±0.89) specificity across the sample types. The restrictive nature for mimicking the access and handling of a BSL 3+ agent presented challenges that required a strict study design uncommon to standard detection dog training and odor presentation. This study demonstrates the need to further evaluate the utility and challenges of training detection dogs to alert to biological samples using safe and manageable training aids. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9042221 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90422212022-04-27 A Novel Method for Training the Interdiction of Restricted and Hazardous Biological Materials by Detection Dogs Singletary, Melissa Krichbaum, Sarah Passler, Thomas Lazarowski, Lucia Fischer, Terrence Silvis, Scott Waggoner, L. Paul Walz, Paul Angle, Craig Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine The interdiction of restricted and hazardous biological agents presents challenges for any detection method due to the inherent complexity of sample type and accessibility. Detection capabilities for this category of agents are limited and restricted in their mobility, adaptability and efficiency. The potential for identifying biological agents through a volatile organic compound (VOC) signature presents an opportunity to use detection dogs in a real-time mobile capacity for surveillance and screening strategies. However, the safe handling and access to the materials needed for training detection dogs on restricted or hazardous biological agents prevents its broader application in this field. This study evaluated the use of a polymer-based training aid in a viral detection model using bovine viral diarrhea virus mimicking biosafety level 3+ agent conditions. After the biological agent-based odor was absorbed into the polymer, the aid was rendered safe for handling through a rigorous sterilization process. The viral culture-based training aid was then used to train a cohort of detection dogs (n = 6) to discriminate agent-based target odor in culture from relevant distractor odors including non-target biological agent-based odors. Following culture-based training, dogs were tested for generalization to aids with infected animal sample-based odors across five sample types (fecal, blood, nasal, saliva, and urine). Within the context of the polymer-based training aid system, dogs were successfully trained to detect and discriminate a representative biological viral agent-based odor from distractor odors with a 97.22% (±2.78) sensitivity and 97.11% (±1.94) specificity. Generalization from the agent-based odor to sample-based odors ranged from 65.40% (±8.98) to 91.90 % (±6.15) sensitivity and 88.61% (±1.46) to 96.00% (±0.89) specificity across the sample types. The restrictive nature for mimicking the access and handling of a BSL 3+ agent presented challenges that required a strict study design uncommon to standard detection dog training and odor presentation. This study demonstrates the need to further evaluate the utility and challenges of training detection dogs to alert to biological samples using safe and manageable training aids. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9042221/ /pubmed/35492309 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.847620 Text en Copyright © 2022 Singletary, Krichbaum, Passler, Lazarowski, Fischer, Silvis, Waggoner, Walz and Angle. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Medicine Singletary, Melissa Krichbaum, Sarah Passler, Thomas Lazarowski, Lucia Fischer, Terrence Silvis, Scott Waggoner, L. Paul Walz, Paul Angle, Craig A Novel Method for Training the Interdiction of Restricted and Hazardous Biological Materials by Detection Dogs |
title | A Novel Method for Training the Interdiction of Restricted and Hazardous Biological Materials by Detection Dogs |
title_full | A Novel Method for Training the Interdiction of Restricted and Hazardous Biological Materials by Detection Dogs |
title_fullStr | A Novel Method for Training the Interdiction of Restricted and Hazardous Biological Materials by Detection Dogs |
title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Method for Training the Interdiction of Restricted and Hazardous Biological Materials by Detection Dogs |
title_short | A Novel Method for Training the Interdiction of Restricted and Hazardous Biological Materials by Detection Dogs |
title_sort | novel method for training the interdiction of restricted and hazardous biological materials by detection dogs |
topic | Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9042221/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35492309 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.847620 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT singletarymelissa anovelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT krichbaumsarah anovelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT passlerthomas anovelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT lazarowskilucia anovelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT fischerterrence anovelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT silvisscott anovelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT waggonerlpaul anovelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT walzpaul anovelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT anglecraig anovelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT singletarymelissa novelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT krichbaumsarah novelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT passlerthomas novelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT lazarowskilucia novelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT fischerterrence novelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT silvisscott novelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT waggonerlpaul novelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT walzpaul novelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs AT anglecraig novelmethodfortrainingtheinterdictionofrestrictedandhazardousbiologicalmaterialsbydetectiondogs |