Thin robust Pd membranes for low-temperature application

It is known that hydrogen embrittlement could result in warping and destruction of pure Pd membranes, which limits the working temperatures to be above 293 °C. This study attempted to investigate the relationship between hydrogen embrittlement resistance and membrane geometry of ultrathin pure Pd membranes of 2.7–6.3 μm thickness. Thin tubular Pd membranes with an o.d. of 4 mm, 6 mm and 12 mm immediately suffered from structural destruction when exposed to H(2) at room temperature. In contrast, thin hollow fiber membranes (outer diameter, 2 mm, thickness < 4 μm) exhibit strong resistance against hydrogen embrittlement at temperatures below 100 °C during repeated heating/cooling cycles at a rate up to 10 °C min(−1) under H(2) atmosphere. This is ascribed to reduced lattice strain gradients during α–β phase transition in cylindrical structures and lower residual stresses according to in situ XRD analysis, which shows a great prospect in low temperature applications.